| Term | Definition |
|---|
| endocrine messages are? | hormones |
| the hormones bind to? | receptors |
| receptors are on? | target cells |
| the endocrine system is made of series of structures called? | endocrine glands |
| how many endocrine glands are there? | 11 |
| 3 nerves in CNS? | sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron |
| 2 types of muscles affected by neurons? | intrafusal, extrafusal |
| what endocrine gland releases hormones? | hypothalamus |
| the 6 hormones the ANTERIOR pituitary releases are? | LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL |
| the 2 hormones the POSTERIOR pituitary releases are? | oxytocin, ADH (vasopressin) |
| adrenal cortex releases? | aldosterone and cortisol |
| adrenal medulla releases? | epinephrine |
| thyroid releases? | thyroxine and calcitonin |
| parathyroid releases? | parathyroid hormone |
| pancreas "a" cells release? | glucagon |
| pancreas "b" cells release? | insulin |
| male gonads (testis) release? | testosterone |
| female gonads (ovaries) release? | estrogen, progesterone |
| hormone | a chemical messenger carried throughout the body by blood |
| endocrine gland | an organized group of cells that secrete hormone |
| parathyroid hormone | a hormone that raises blood calcium by reducing excretion, removing calcium, and increasing absorption |
| calcitonin | a hormone that lowers blood calcium by increasing excretion, deposition of bone, and lowering absorption of calcium |
| vitamin D | a vitamin that is a co-enzyme, that our bodies make and is necessary for life |
| metabolic rate | the speed at which energy is used |
| basal metabolic rate | the speed at which energy is used when we are not expending energy |
| thyroxin T4 | a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland increasing metabolic rate |
| goiter | an enlarged thyroid-gland |
| hypothyroidism | a condition in which thyroxin secretion causes low metabolic rate |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition in which excess thyroxin causes increased metabolic rate |
| cretinism | a condition in which an infant lacks sufficient thyroxin |
| thermoreceptors | nerve cells that respond to temperature with changing rates of action potentials |
| shivering | the uncontrolled quivering contractions of skeletal muscles to produce heat |
| non-shivering thermogenesis | the production of body heat by means other than shivering |
| brown fat | highly vascularized fat near arteries in the neck that can rapidly metabolize and produce heat |
| endogenous | produced from within an organism |
| pyrogen | any chemical that results in the production of a higher body temperature |
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