STI 2 - BV
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Normal pH of vagina | ~4.5 |
| Disruption of the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina | bacterial vaginosis |
| List 3 clinical features of bacterial vaginosis. | creamy discharge (unpleasant "fishy" odor, may be thin, white or gray) pain, itching, or burning outside vagina *Most women report no signs or symptoms. |
| Most common vaginal infection in childbearing aged women | bacterial vaginosis *not considered a true STI |
| Describe vaginal pH change seen in bacterial vaginosis. | >4.5 |
| Bacterial vaginosis leads to a decrease of which normal flora? | Lactobacillus spp. |
| What cell, seen upon microscopic examination of vaginal discharge, is associated with bacterial vaginosis? |  clue cell *unusual vaginal cell with punctate pattern; 1 |
| Candida albicans primary site of colonization | GI tract |
| List 3 parts of the body in which Candida albicans exists as a commensal (normal microflora). | vagina urethra skin (under the nails) |
| List 3 conditions that may put a woman at risk for genital Candidiasis. | pregnancy diabetes mellitus use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or corticosteroid medications |
| What environmental factor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Candida albicans? | pH |
| Patient presents with thick, curd-like, cottage cheese-like discharge in the vagina. | candidiasis *pH does not rise (as seen in bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis) |
| Most common site of trichomoniasis in women and men | women: vagina men: urethra |
| Describe the virulence factors of trichomonas that give it its characteristic motility. | 4 flagella and short undulating membrane |
| Trichomoniasis transmission (2) | sexual intercourse (primary) fomite transmission |
| Describe vaginal pH change seen in trichomoniasis. | >4.5 |
| Are the first or subsequent outbreaks of HHV-1/2 more severe? | 1st outbreaks are more severe. |
| Patient presents with an odorous and frothy discharge in the vagina. | trichomoniasis |
| Patient presents with strawberry cervix. | trichomoniasis |
| Describe primary symptoms of HHV-1/2 infection. | 1+ blisters on or around the genitals or rectum. Itching and vaginal discharge may be present. |
| What is the relationship between genital herpes and increased chance of HIV infection? | at least a 2 fold increase in HIV infection in patients with genital herpes |
| HHV-1/2 envelope, shape, and nucleic acid | large, enveloped icosahedral dsDNA virus |
| In what type of cells do HHV-1 and HHV-2 initially replicate? | mucoepithelial cells |
| HHV-1/2 inclusion bodies | Cowdry bodies type A |
| In which 2 immune cells do HHV-1 and 2 establish persistent infection? | lymphocytes and macrophages |
| In which cells do HHV-1 and 2 establish latent infection? | neurons |
| List 3 cytopathic effects of HHV-1 and 2. | lysis Cowdry bodies type A syncytial giant cells |
| Which cytokine is blocked by HHV-1 and 2? | interferon *prevents CD8 T cell recognition of infected cells, escapes antibody neutralization and clearance by going into "hiding" during latent infection |
| HHV-1/2 Dx | visual inspection if the outbreak is typical test a sample from the sore(s) HSV outbreaks can also be diagnosed between outbreaks by the use of a blood test to detect antibodies to HHV-1 or 2 infection. *virus isolation is gold standard |
| What is the lifetime cumulative risk of acquiring HPV in sexually active persons? | 80% |
| Which 2 strains of HPV cause 70% of all cervical cancers? | 16, 18 |
| Which 2 strains of HPV cause 90% of anogenital warts? | 6, 11 |
| Gardasil is active against which 4 HPV strains? | 16, 18, 6, 11 |
| Cervarix is active against which 2 HPV strains? | 16, 18 |
| What is condylomata acuminata? | genital warts |
| Peak prevalence of anogenital warts in women | 20-24 years of age |
| Peak prevalence of anogenital warts in men | 25-29 years of age |
| Which viral strain is found in oral tumors of 72% of cancer patients? | HPV16 |
| Does HPV pr smoking pose a greater risk in contracting oral cancer? | HPV |
| HPV nucleic acid | dsDNA |
| Cancer associated with HPV | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| 2 oncoproteins associated with HPV and the oncogenes affected | E6 (p53) E7 (pRb) *low-risk strains have these proteins, but do not bind as well to their respective oncogenes |
| Which layer of the epithelium is infected by HPV? | basal layer |
| What happens to the HPV life cycle once it integrates into the host chromosome? | termination of the life cycle |
| Review mechanism of human papillomavirus-associated carcinogenesis. | c |
| CIN stage: mild dysplasia; includes condyloma |  CIN1; b |
| CIN stage: moderate dysplasia | CIN2; b |
| CIN stage: severe dysplasia; includes cervical cancer in situ | CIN3; b |
| Review mechanisms of HPV-associated carcinogenesis. |  |
| HPV Dx (4) | genital warts diagnosed by visual inspection routine Pap tests HPV typing by PCR HPV typing by nucleic hybridization assay |
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