Chapter 15: The English Nation
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Celts | Who were among the first earliest inhabitants of Ancient Britain? |
| Druids | Who were the special group of Celtic men who were the people's judges, teachers, and priests? |
| Rome | What country conquered the Celts and ruled them for about 50 years? |
| Julius Caesar | Who was Rome's ruler when the Celts were conquered? |
| Christianity | What religion was introduced to the Celts when Rome occupied the British Isles? |
| Jutes, Angles, and Saxons | What barbaric tribes conquered the Celts after Rome left the British Isles? |
| King Arthur | What mythical Celtic king's legends have been the subject of books and movies? |
| Angles | What people group gave their name to the southern part of the island of Britain? |
| England | The Angle word "Angleland" was given to this land, and as the English language developed, the name became better known as this country? |
| Augustine | Who was the first archbishop of Canterbury? |
| Vikings or Danes | What group invaded the British Isles and overthrew the Anglo-Saxons? |
| Anglo-Saxons | The Jutes, Angles, and Saxons are collectively called this name? |
| Alfred the Great | The first great king of England |
| Canute the Dane | The leader of the Danes who conqured the British Isles after the death of Alfred the Great |
| William, duke of Normandy/William the Conqueror | Who conquered England after Harold Godwin and the English nobles ignored his claim to the throne? |
| Battle of Hastings | What was the name of the battle in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwin for control of the English throne? |
| The Norman Conquest | What is the battle of Hastings also referred to in history? |
| William the Conqueror | What other name is William, duke of Normandy referred to in history? |
| William the Conqueror | Who introduced feudalism to England? |
| Census | A count of the population and property of an area. |
| Domesday Book | The tax book that William the Conqueror had to ensure all taxes were paid to him the king. |
| French | What language influenced the origin of numerous words used in the English language? |
| Henry II | First king of the Plantagenet Kings of England and we see common law begin in England? |
| common law | Means laws that are common to all Englishmen not just certain people like peasants or noblemen |
| trial by jury | England institutes this idea of fair trials through this which showed impartiality to people accussed of breaking the law |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | King known for his love of the Crusades |
| King John | Most hated king of England |
| Magna Carta | Document where the ancient rights and privileges of people were clearly defined. It set many precedents of freedom and is considered one of the most important documents in all of history. |
| King John | Which English king was forced to sign the Magna Carta which made this king who thought he was above the law understand that he was subject to the law, too? |
| Constitutional government | Another precedent established in England that restrains rulers from violating their subjects' freedom. |
| The Hundred Years' War | War over the lands England had taken in previous wars from France and who would be the new king of France; France won |
| War of the Roses | War over who would rule as England's king. The families involved were the Lancasters and Yorks. |
| Yorks | Family emblem was a white rose |
| Lancasters | Family emblem was a red rose |
| Joan of Arc | Young girl who claimed to hear voices from heaven who led France to in several victorious battles in The Hundred Years' War |
| Joan of Arc | Called the Maid of Orleans |
| Battle of Bosworth Field | Battle that ended the War of the Roses |
| Henry VIII | Called the Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo X for his book that attacked Luther's doctrines |
| English Reformation | Reformation that occurred over inability to obtain a divorce from the Roman Church, but opened the door for Protestantism to enter England |
| Henry VIII | Who was the head of the head of the Church of England |
| Henry VIII | Who married 6 times in an attempt to produce a male heir for the House of Tudor |
| Edward VI | Protestant king who was nine when he became King of England. Died of tuberculosis at age 15 |
| Mary I | First queen of England who committed her reign to returning England back to the Catholic religion |
| Mary I | Responsible for the persecution and martyrdom of over 300 Protestants earning this person the name Bloody Mary |
| Elizabeth I | Last of Henry VIII's children to rule England. Mother was Anne Boleyn Nicknamed Good Queen Bess and the Virgin Queen |
| Elizabeth I | Refused to marry because she was committed to ruling her country |
| Elizabeth I | England prospered immensely in everything from politics to poetry during this ruler's reign. In fact, the age describing these successful times bares this monarch's name |
| Sir Francis Drake | attacked and raided Spanish ships "unofficially" for England and later with Queen Ellizabeth's knowledge; although had a royal title, he was simply a pirate for the Queen |
| William Shakespeare | Considered to be the greatest writer the world has ever known with 38 plays under his belt |
| England | What country defeated the mighty Spanish Armada in 1588? |
| Mary Queen of Scots/Mary Stuart | Who became the queen of Scotland in 1542 at only 1 week old? |
| Mary Queen of Scots/Mary Stuart | Cousin of Queen Elizabeth I who was involved in a plot to overthrow the queen and take her place |
| James I | Became the first monarch of the Stuart Dynasty of England after he inherited the throne from his cousin, Queen Elizabeth. Mother was Mary Queen of Scots |
| Puritans | Religious sect that wanted to purify the Church of England and often butted heads with and was persecuted by King James I |
| King James Bible | What was the one issue that King James and the Puritans agreed needed to be done for the English church? This task was created in 1611. |
| Charles I | King that needed money and tried to circumvent the rules established by Parliament and the Magna Carta, but couldn't get around the rules and had to get help from the Parliament he hated so much. |
| Roundheads | Those who were against the king in the English Civil War and received their nickname based on how they wore their hair in a short, bowl shaped cut |
| Cavaliers | Those who supported the king in the English Civil War who got their nickname based on the long curls they wore in the French style |
| English Civil War Phase 1 | Fought over the issues of the principle of the king having a divine right from God to rule and over government consent which means they believed a government could only rule if the people of the country agreed to be governed. |
| King and Parliament | What two English powers was the English Civil War initially between? |
| Oliver Cromwell | The Puritan leader of the Civil War whose troops were called Ironsides |
| Charles I | During the second part of the Civil War what king or "Man of Blood" as he was called by the Ironsides was beheaded by Cromwell's army? |
| Puritans | What group that had initially been against Charles I's policies did not believe he should be killed? |
| Commonwealth | Under the new leader (dicatator), Oliver Cromwell, what was England's new government called? |
| Charles II, son of Charles I | In 1662, the English wanted to return England to the old monarchy. Who was the new king of England? |
| Treaty of Dover | Treaty Charles II made with France promising tolerance of Catholics in England and promise of Charles II converting to Catholicism in exchange for money for his foreign policy needs |
| James II | English King that was the Head of the Church of England but was a Catholic himself who failed to reimpose Romanism to England |
| William of Orange (William III) | Who did Parliament approach and offered the throne of England to when it looked like England would be having another Civil War? |
| William III and Mary II | Became the King and Queen of England after James II fled into exile and agreed to abide by the English Bill of Rights in ruling the English empire in what became known as the Glorious Revolution |
| Glorious Revolution of 1688 | Established William and Mary as king and queen of England and they had to agree to rule in principles of governing by consent |
| Bloodless Revolution | What is the Glorious Revolution also known as because no battles or wars had to occurto establish the new monarchy? |
| Mary I | Henry VIII's first daughter and Catherine of Aragon's daughter |
| John Knox | Protestant reformer of Scotland that had heated confrontations with Mary Queen of Scots |
| King Arthur | Legends of this character originated in Celtic times |
| Beowulf | Only surviving literature that gives us insight into the lifestyle of the Saxons |
| Ironsides | Name of Oliver Cromwell's army |
| John Foxe | Author of The Book of Martyrs |
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