| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Puritans | a religious group that came to America in order to purify the Church of England |
| town meeting | the purest form of democracy in which everyone has a single direct vote |
| Thomas Hooker | the man who set up the colony of Connecticut and broke away from the Puritans |
| Roger Williams | the man who settled Rhode Island and believed in religious toleration |
| Anne Hutchinson | the woman who helped set up Rhode Island |
| New England Colonies | the Northern colonies in the New World |
| Bread Colonies | the middle colonies |
| New York Colony | a colony that was taken from the Dutch and set up by George Carteret |
| proprietary colonies | colonies that were given to 1 or 2 people in return for yearly payments |
| royal colonies | colonies that were under the direct control of the English crown |
| William Penn | the wan who founded Pennsylvania and believed in justice & equality for all people (was a Quaker). |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | Germans who settled in Pennsylvania and were thought to be from Holland |
| The Mason-Dixon Line | this divided the middle and the south colonies and is located between PA and MD |
| Southern Colonies | colonies located from MD southward |
| Maryland | a colony set up for Catholics by Lord Baltimore |
| Act of Toleration | a document that called for religious freedom for all Christians in MD |
| Carolina | a colony later to become two separate states that was settled by eight noblemen from England |
| indigo | a plant used to make valuable blue dye |
| Georgia | the last of the 13 original colonies that was founded by James Oglethorpe for those in debtor's prison in England |
| slave codes | laws that treated Africans as property |
| merchantilism | the theory that a nation became strong by keeping strict control over trade |
| yankee | a nickname for traders that means "clever and hardworking" |
| triangular trade | a slave trade that developed in New England, the West Indies, and Africa |
| legislature | the lawmakers; congress |
| The Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the Constitution that protected individual rights |
| public schools | schools supported by taxes |
| indentured servants | people who signed contracts to work without wages for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to the New World |
| The Great Awakening | a religious movement in which emotions played an important role in people's spirituality |
| enlightenment | the idea of believing in human reason |
| Peter Zenger | a newspaper publisher who established the basic idea of freedom of the press |
| The French and Indian War | a war between the French and the English over control of the new world |
| Treaty of Paris of 1763 | ended the French and Indian war |
| William Pitt | the British Prime Minister who was given credit for defeating the French |
| Plains of Abraham | a battlefield above a steep cliff near the city of Quebec |
| General Wolfe | the British commander who captured Quebec and was killed in battle |
| General Montcalm | the French commander who lost at Quebec and was killed in battle |
| Proclamation of 1763 | a British decree that said no colonist could settle west of the Appalachians |
| The Stamp Act | a British tax on legal documents and most newspapers |
| The Townshend Acts | a British tax on glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea |
| Writ of Assistance | allowed officials to inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason |
| The Boston Massacre | occurred when British soldiers fired on a crowd of colonists who were taunting them (the soldiers killed 5 men, including a black man named Crispus Attucks) |
| Committee of Correspondence | a letter writing campaign to tell other colonists about the events happening in MA |
| George Grenville | the Prime Minister who started to tax the colonists |
| The Sugar Act | a tax on molasses and sugar |
| Samuel Adams | the leader of the Sons of Liberty who led the colonists in protesting British taxation |
| Patrick Henry | a well-known critic of the British and a member of the Sons of Liberty |
| The Quartering Act | the placing of British troops in colonists' homes |
| The Tea Act | a small tax on tea that was passed by the British in order to bring the British East India Co. out of debt |
| The Boston Tea Party | occurred when members of the Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Indians and threw British tea into the harbor as a protest to the Tea Act |
| The Intolerable Acts | the harsh punishments of the colonists due to the Boston Tea Party |
| The First Continental Congress | the gathering of 12 colonies to set up a boycott of British goods (in response to the Intolerable Acts) |
| militia | an army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency |
| minutemen | soldiers who were ready to fight in a minute's notice |
| Lexington and Concord | the first 2 battles of the American Revolution (the British were led by General Gage) |
| John Parker | the American leader at Lexington |
| The Sons of Liberty | a group of American citizens who advocated fighting the British for Independance |
| English, Lobster-backs, & Redcoats | other names the colonists gave the British |
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