1.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist: Clonidine (Catapres)
2.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist AE: CHF, hallucinations, delirium
3.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist Brest feeding: Will pass into breastmilk, not recommended,
4.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist DDI: Causes CNS depression with opiates, sediatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, alcohol.
5.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist EE: decrease anxiety
6.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist Geriatric: More sensitive to the SE/AE and increased risk for falls while taking these drugs, used cautiously. lower dose recommended.
7.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist moa: Bind to α2 receptors in the brain to decrease presynaptic calcium levels, and inhibit the release of norepinephrine (NE), leading to decreased sympathetic tone
8.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist Monitoring Tests: Blood sugar and blood pressure, HR
9.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist Patient Education: Do not discontinue abruptly,
10.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist Pediatric: Use with caution
11.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist PG: C
12.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist SE: Drowsiness, sedation, headache, fatigue, nightmares, insomnia, mental changes, orthostatic hypertension, sinus tachycardia, hyperglycemia, n/v, dry mouth, etc
13.
alpha 2-adrenergic agonist USE: ADHD and anxiety/panic disorder, alcohol withdrawal
14.
anti-histamines: Hydroxyzine(Atarax)
15.
anti-histamines AE: RARE
16.
anti-histamines Brest feeding: NOT RECOMMENDED
17.
anti-histamines DDI: do not take with alcohol
18.
anti-histamines EE: reduce anxiety, itching, and alcohol withdrawl
19.
anti-histamines GERO: More sensitive to the SE/AE and increased risk for falls while taking these drugs, used cautiously. lower dose recommended.
20.
anti-histamines MOA: first-generation antihistamine to block histamine at the H1 receptor sites in CNS
21.
anti-histamines Patient Education: do not operative vehicles or machinery with this drug
22.
anti-histamines Pediatric: Not recommended (paradoxical effect)
23.
anti-histamines PG: C
24.
anti-histamines SE: anti-cholinergic effects (5can'ts, 1OH), dry mouth, nose, and throat, upset stomach, drowsiness, dizziness, chest congestion, headache, reddening of skin
25.
anti-histamines USE: For mild anxiety, preoperative or procedure sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, and tranquilizer
26.
Benzo-diazapines: lorazepam (Ativan), diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clonazepam (Klonopin), oxazepam (Serax), temazepam (Restoril),
27.
Benzo-diazapines AE: ataxia, hostility, anterograde amnesia, rebound insomnia/anxiety, suicidal ideation, tolerance, dependence and withdrawal syndrome with long term use
28.
Benzo-diazapines Contraindication*: contraindicated in patients with with lung problems, precipitate suicidal tendencies and are sometimes used for suicidal overdoses in patients with major depression. Individuals with a history of alcohol, opiods and barbiturate abuse should avoid benzodiazepines,
29.
Benzo-diazapines DDI: increased CNS depression may occur when given with other CNS depressants ((alcohol, opiods and barbiturates )
30.
Benzo-diazapines EE: sedative, hypnotic (induce sleep), anxiolytic (antianxiety), anticonulsant (seizure), muscle relaxant and amnesic (loss unpleasant memory)
31.
Benzo-diazapines GERO: More sensitive to the SE/AE and increased risk for falls while taking these drugs, used cautiously. lower dose recommended to avoid oversedation
32.
Benzo-diazapines MOA: potentiate the action of gamma-aminobutyric or GABA, including any other inhibitory transmitters in the CNS resulting in decreased anxiety. Most agents cause a decrease in CNS excitability
33.
Benzo-diazapines Patient Education: do not use for everyday stress or long-term use; do not take more than prescribed amount since product is habit forming; dizziness may occur; abstain from alcohol; do not discontinue abruptly- withdrawl symptoms may occur, Avoid driving and operating machine; Avoid the use of alcohol and other CNS depressants concurrently with these medications.
34.
Benzo-diazapines Pediatric: Not recommended
35.
Benzo-diazapines PG: D, not recommended, associated with floppy infant syndrome, neonatal withdrawl symptoms, poor sucking reflex
36.
Benzo-diazapines SE: drowsiness, lack of coordination (impaired driving skills), cognitive impairements, paradoxical effects (aggression, insomnia, anxiety, seizure, irritable, impulsive).
37.
Benzo-diazapines USE: first line drug used to treat acute anxiety and agitation SHORT term (PRN), alcohol withdrawal, anxiety related to surgery and procedures, insomnia, seizures. Should not be given longer than 2-4 weeks, used as prn to treat acute anxiety and rapidly relieve the symtptoms.
38.
Beta blocker: Propranolol (Inderal)
39.
Beta blocker BREAST FEEDING: not recommended,
40.
Beta blocker Contraindication*: Not for patient having lung problems (asthma, COPD, etc), heart block, bradycardia, diabetes mellitus
41.
Beta blocker DDI: Make it difficult to manage blood glucose for diabetes patient taking this type of drug together with diuretics and anti-diabetic drugs
42.
Beta blocker EE: Bradycardia, chest pain, severe dizziness or fainting, irregular heart rate, skin rash, hypoglycemia, depression, heart block, bronchospasm, dyspnea
43.
Beta blocker EE: decrease anxiety-induced physiology response, such as tachy and hypertension.
44.
Beta blocker Geriatric: Prescribed lower doses; more likely to cause mental confusion, hypoglycemia
45.
Beta blocker MOA: Block the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine from beta-adrenergic receptors throughout the body (beta 1 and beta 2); decrease HR and BP associated with anxiety, has NO effect on cognition
46.
Beta blocker Monitoring Test: Heart rate, monitor glucose in patients with diabetes, blood pressure, respiratory rate, O2SAT
47.
Beta blocker Patient Education: Report SOB, new-onset depression or worsen existing depression. Start lowest and go slow. Do not suddenly stop taking.Do not stand or sit up too quickly; hold onto railings when going up/down steps. Educate diabetics to check glucose levels often.
48.
Beta blocker Pediatric: Use with caution
49.
Beta blocker PG: C
50.
Beta blocker SE: decrease sexual ability, dizziness or light-headedness, fatigue or weakness; difficulty breathing or wheezing, shortness of breath
51.
Beta blocker USE: Use for patients facing anxiety-producing events such as performing on stage, making a speech, and test anxiety. Allows for cognition unlike Benzodiazepines
52.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic: Zolpidem (Ambien)
53.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic AE: • depression, worsening
• suicidal ideation
• aggressive behavior
• complex sleep-related behavior
• hallucinations
• amnesia
withdrawal if abrupt D/C
54.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic Breast Feeding: no
55.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic Contraindication: Not use with other CNS depressant, like alcohol
56.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic DDI: additive effect with CNS depressants (e.g., sedatives, psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, alcohol)
57.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic EE: induce sleep, sedative and hypnotic.
58.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic GERO: Monitor SE/ADEs, start low and go slow, assess risk of fall
59.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic MOA: Short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that stimulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABAA receptors at the same location as benzodiazepines
60.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic Patient Education: Report complex sleep-related behaviors;
Take it immediately before bedtime, take it when able to get a full night's sleep (i.e., 7-8 hours). Not abruptly discontinuing therapy. Do not operate machinery or drive, report all prescriptions and OTC drugs, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
61.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic PEDS: Not recommended
62.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic PG: C
63.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic SE: • headache
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• lethargy
• drugged feeling
• lightheadedness
• influenza-like symptom
• GI upset
64.
Non-benzodiazepine Sedative-hypnotic USE: Short-Term Tx Insomnia
65.
Serotonin receptor agonist: Buspirone (Buspar)
66.
Serotonin receptor agonist AE: seizures, coma, hallucinations and heart failure
67.
Serotonin receptor agonist Brest feeding: NO
68.
Serotonin receptor agonist DDI: do not drink grapefruit juice with medication, can cause drug toxicity
69.
Serotonin receptor agonist EDU: Takes several weeks to reach therapeutic effect. Take exactly as prescribed in order to decrease risk of dependence. Do not just discontinue taking these drugs, your doctor may want to taper off the dose in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
70.
Serotonin receptor agonist EE: Anxiety is relieved without much sedation, symptoms of anxiety are decreased, sense of well being is improved
71.
Serotonin receptor agonist GERO: Monitor SE/ADEs, start low and go slow
72.
Serotonin receptor agonist MOA: binds the neuroreceptors for serotonin and dopamine in the brain and increases norepinephrine metabolism to relieve anxiety.
73.
Serotonin receptor agonist Monitoring Tests: Blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations. Assess for dizziness, drowsiness or lightheadedness. Observe for signs of dependency.
74.
Serotonin receptor agonist Pediatric: Not recommended
75.
Serotonin receptor agonist PG: B
76.
Serotonin receptor agonist SE: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, nervousness, weakness, blurred vision, nasal congestion, sore throat, tinnitus, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, numbness, paresthesia, etc
77.
Serotonin receptor agonist USE: To relieve symptoms and feelings of anxiety without too much sedation, and to improve sense of well-being.
