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Hollywood, CA Center of the entertainment film industry in the 1920's Second Industrial Revolution Steep growth in industry and the production of steel, petrolium, electric power, and the machinery to produce other goods Alfred P. Sloan Head of General Motors Owen D. Young Head of Radio Corporation of America Oligopoly The control of a market by a few large producers. Welfare Capitalism An approach to labor relations in which companies meet some of their workers' needs without prompting by unions, thus preventing strikes and keeping productivity high Open Shop A company whose workers are hired without regard to their membership in a labor union Henry Ford United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947) Assembly Line Quicker way to manufacture. Created by Henry Ford. McNary-Haugen Bills A series of complicated measures designed to prop up and stabilize farm prices; the government purchases farm surpluses and either stores them until prices rose or sells them on the world market; President Calvin Coolidge viewed these measures as unwarranted federal interference in the economy, and vetoed it "The Jazz Singer" 1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer. Starred Al Jolson. Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America Created in 1922 to clean up movies; the industry chose to self-regulate to avoid government intervention Harry P. Davis Executive of Westinghouse. First to commercially create a radio station. KDKA The first commercial radio station in America. Tabloid Created by Joseph M. Patterson at the New York Daily News. Walter Winchell Creator of the first gossip column. George Herman "Babe" Ruth The most popular baseball player of the 1920s; he was the start of the New York Yankees and hit 714 home runs. "Black Sox" Scandal Refers to an incident that took place around and during the play of the 1919 World Series where eight members of the Black Sox were banned for life from baseball for throwing (intentionally losing) games, and essentially giving the series to the Cincinnati Reds after betting on the game. Negro National League This baseball league for African Americans was led by Rube Foster Flapper A young woman in the 1920s who flaunted her unconventional conduct and dress. Very popular in the media. Not actually a common sight. "Birth Control Review" Margaret Sanger's popular journal in the 1920's. Volstead Act Bill passed by Congress to enforce the 18th Amendment. Established the Prohibition Bureau to enforce it. Speakeasy A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during Prohibition Immigration Act Set a maximum of 357,000 new immigrants each year. Quotas limited immigration from europe to 3% of the natives in 1910. Johnson-Reed Immigration Act Revised the Immigration Act to 2% of the number of foriegn-born of each nationality in the 1890 census. The maximum total was cut to 164,000. Didn't apply to the western hemisphere. Prejudiced against the "new" immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. Ozawa v. US This, along with US v. Thind, the supreme court held that Japanese and Asian Indians were unassimilable aliens and racially ineligible for US citizenship. The Birth of a Nation A dramatic silent film from 1915 about the South during and after the Civil War. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. The film, the first so-called spectacular, is considered highly controversial for its portrayal of African-Americans. Glorified the KKK. Was responsible for its renewal. Hiram W. Evans Imperial wizard of the KKK. Advocated "100 percent Americanism". David C. Stephenson Was the Grand Dragon of the Indiana KKK. Was convicted of manslaughter. Responsible for the loss of members and influence of the KKK. Scopes Trial 1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools John T. Scopes Teacher that deliberately broke Tennessee law to challenge the prohibition of teaching Darwinism in court. Clarence Darrow A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible. Ohio Gang Harding's close friends whom he delegated administrative power. Harry M. Daugherty He received bribes from violators of Prohibition statutes. Charles R. Forbes Pocketed a larch chunk of the $250 million spent on hospitals and supplies. Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall received payoffs when he leased navy oil reserves in Teapot Dome, WY and Elk Hills, CA to private oil developers. Andrew Mellon Secretary of the Treasury for Harding, Coolidge and Hoover. Believed government ought to be run on the same principles as corporations. Associative State Government encouraged voluntary cooperation among corporations, consumers, workers, farmers, and small businessmen. Dawes Plan A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. Kellogg-Briand Pact Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another League of Women Voters League formed in 1920 advocating for women's rights, among them the right for women to serve on juries and equal pay laws National Women's Party A militant feminist group led by Alice Paul that argued the Nineteenth Amendment was not adequate enough to protect women's rights. They believed they needed a more constitutional amendment that would clearly provide legal protection of their rights and prohibit sex-based discrimination. Sheppard-Towner Act U.S. Act of Congress providing federal funding for maternity and child care, a response to the lack of adequate medical care for women and children Mutualistas A mexican american mutual aid group, the members pooled money to buy insurance and pay for legal advice. Federation of Mexican Workers Unions Formed in 1928 in response to a large farm labor strike in the Imperial Valley of CA. League of United Latin American Citizens Worked for Mexican American rights in the court system, in hiring, and in education. Claude McKay Harlem Renaissance poet. Marcus Garvey Harlem Renaissance black nationalist. Lost Generation Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe Jazz Age Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime Sacco and Vanzetti Two Italian-born anarchists, unfairly tried and convicted for the armed robbery and murder of two pay-clerks in Massachusetts in 1920 Alfred Smith First catholic candidate for president. Ran in the 1928 election.