1.
algae: plantlike protists
2.
asexual reproduction: a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
3.
bacteria: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
4.
bacteriophage: a virus that infects bacteria
5.
binary fission: a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
6.
budding: A form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent.
7.
cilia: The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
8.
conjugation: the process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism
9.
contractile vacuole: The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell
10.
decomposer: an organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms, and returns important materials to the soil and water
11.
endospore: A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell
12.
flagellum: a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
13.
fruiting bodies: the reproduction structure of a fungus that contains many hyphea and produces spores
14.
fungus: a eukaryotic organism that has cell walls, uses spores to reproduce, and is a heterotroph that feeds by absorbing its food
15.
host: the organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on
16.
hyphae: branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
17.
lichen: The combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship
18.
mutualism: a close relationship between organisms of two species in which both organisms benefit
19.
parasite: the organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parasitism interaction
20.
pasteurization: a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food
21.
protist: a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus
22.
protozoan: an animal-like protist
23.
pseudopod: a "false foot" or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans
24.
sexual reproduction: a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
25.
spore: a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
26.
symbiosis: a close relationship between two organisms of different species in which at least one of the organisms benefits
27.
vaccine: a substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system into action
28.
virus: a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
