First Aid - Antibiotics
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 MOA of penicillin drugs | Bind to PBP's and block transpeptidase cross linking of cell wall |
| Clinical uses for Ampicillin and Amoxicillin | Gram Positive + HELPS (H. influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella) |
| Penicillin drug used in syphilis | Penicillin G |
| Penicillin drug used in UTI | Amoxicillin |
| Penicillin drug used in Pseudomonas | Carboxypenicillins |
| Penicillin drug class used in Neonatal infections | Aminopenicillins |
| Drugs that cause a disulfiram like reaction | Metronidazole, Cephalosporins, Procarbazine, Sulfonylureas |
| Cephalexin, Cefazolin - class? | 1st generation Cephalosporins |
| Cefprozil, Cefuroxime, Ceclor - class? | 2nd Generation Cephalosporins |
| Cefotaxime, Cefpodoxime, Ceftriaxone - class? | 3rd Generation Cephalosporin |
| Cefipime - class? | 4th Generation Cephalosporin |
| Clinical uses for 1st gen cephalosporins | Gram positive cocci; PEcK (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella) |
| Clinical uses for 2nd gen cephalosporins | Gram positive cocci; HENS PEcK (H influenza, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia) |
| Clinical uses for 4th gen cephalosporins | Pseudomonas, Gram Positive bugs |
| Drug that is always given with Imipenem | Cilastatin |
| Cilastatin MOA | blocks dihydropeptidase - leads to decrease inactivation of Imipenem |
| Causes Red man syndrome (thrombophlebitis) | Vancomycin |
| Prevent red man syndrome with | Antihistamine |
| Treatment of otitis media resistant to amoxicillin | Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid |
| Increases the nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides | Cephalosporins |
| Broad spectrum coverage for appendicitis | Imipenem + Cilastatin +Meropenem |
| Cell wall inhibitors effective against Pseudomonas | Cefapine, Aztreonam, Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Pipercillin |
| Clinical use for Aminoglycosides | Gram negative Rods |
| Drugs with Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity | Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Loop diuretics, Cisplatin |
| Drugs that block protein synthesis at the 50S | Chloamphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin (Macrolides), Linezolid, Lincomycin (CCELL at 50) |
| Drugs that block protein synthesis at the 30S | Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines (buy AT 30) |
| Bacteriostatic drugs pneumonic | ECSTaTiC (Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxizole, Trimethoprim, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol) |
| Bacteriocidal drugs pneumonic | Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder (Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole) |
| 2 Aminopenicillins | Amoxicillin, Ampicillin |
| Clinical use for Aminopenicillins | HELPS kill Enterococci (H influenza, E coli, Listeria, Proteus, Enterococci) |
| Penicillinase resisitant penicillins | Methicillin; Nafcillin; Dicloxacillin |
| Antipseudomonals penicillins pneumonic | Takes Care of Pseudomonas (Ticarcillin, Carbencillin. Piperacillin) |
| Causes gray baby syndrome | Chloramphenicol |
| Causes Gray man syndrome | Amiodarone |
| Side effects of Aminoglycosides | (NOT) Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Teratogenic |
| Clinical use of Clindamycin | ANAEROBES! |
| Imipenem + Cilastatin clinical use | (BIG GUNS!) Gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, Anaerobes |
| Resistance occurs d/t amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac | Vancomycin |
| B-lactamase inhibitors | Clavulonic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam |
| Blocks translocation at 50S | Macrolides |
| Blocks Peptidyl transfer at 50S | Chloramphenicol |
| Prevents amino-acyl tRNA attachment - Blocks A-site tRNA binding at 30S | Tetracyclines |
| Inhibits formation if the initiation complex - Blocks A-site tRNA binding at 30S | Aminoglycosides |
| Pneumonic for tetracycline clinical uses | VACUUM THe BedRoom (V. cholera, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Urealyticum, M. pneumonia, Tularemia, H. pylori, Borrellia, Rickettsia) |
| Clinical use of Macrolides | Atypical pneumonia, URI, UTI, STD |
| Macrolide a/w prolonged QT interval | Erythromycin |
| Blocks 50S peptidyltransferase activity | Chloramphenicol |
| Clinical use of Chloramphenicol | MENINGITIS (H influenza, N meningiditis, Strep pneumo!) |
| Treats anaerobes ABOVE the diaphragm | Clindamycin |
| Treats anaerobes BELOW the diaphragm | Metronidazole |
| Sulfonamides MOA | Inhibit Dihydropteroate synthetase |
| Trimethoprim MOA | Inhibits bacterial Dihydrofolate reductase |
| Clinical uses for TMP-SMX | UTI's; PCP pneumonia; Shigella; Salmonella |
| Sulfa drugs | Sulfonamides, Sulfonylureas, Thiazides, Acetazolamide, Loop Diuretics, Probenecid, Celecoxib |
| Clinical uses of fluoroquinolones | UTI's, GI, URI's (gram negative rods, strep pneumo) |
| Toxicity of Fluoroquinolones | Teratogenic, Tendonitis / Tendon rupture |
| MOA of Metronidazole | forms free radical toxic metabolites that damage DNA |
| Pneumonic for clinical use of Metronidazole | GET GAP (Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella, Anaerobes, H Pylori) |
| Polymyxins clinical use | Resistant gram negative infections |
| Adverse effects of Polymyxins | Neurotoxicity; ATN |
| Drug cocktail for TB | (RIPE)Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol |
| Prophylax MAC at CD4 <100 with | Azithromycin |
| TB drug that causes red-green color blindness | Ethambutol (E for Eye) |
| What vitamin is always given with Isoniazid | B6 (Pyridoxine) |
| Pneumonic of Isoniazid toxicity | INH (Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes) |
| Drugs that cause Lupus like syndrome | Procainamide, Isoniazid, Hydralazine, Phenytoin, Sulfonamides |
| Drugs with photosensitivity reactions | Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines (SAT for a photo) |
| Drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Phenobarbitol, Phenytoin, Penicillin, Ethosuximide, Allopurinol, Sulfa drugs, Carbamazapine |
| H pylori triple therapy | Metronidazole + PPI + Clarithromycin |
| Disulfuram like reaction is d/t accumulation of | Aldehyde |
| Drug used for meningococcal prophylaxis in close contacts with a child with H influenza b | Rifampin |
| MOA of rifampin | Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| Inhibitors of CYP-450 | Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Grapefruit, Acute alcohol, Sulfonamides, Isoniazid, Cimetidine (KEG alcohol is SIC) |
| Drug used for TB prophylaxis | Isoniazid |
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