| Term | Definition |
|---|
| all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. | Organic chemistry is the study of |
| 4 valence, covalent | Carbon atoms have _________ _________ electrons that can join with the electrons from other atoms to form strong ___________ bonds. |
| molecules that consist of carbon and other elements. | What are living organisms made of? |
| polymerization | Macromolecules are formed by a process called |
| monomers, polymers | To form macromolecules, the smaller units, or _______ join together to form ________. |
| carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids | Name the four groups of organic compounds found in living things. |
| carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; | Carbohydrates are made up of ____________ and are found usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| energy, structural purposes | What 2 things do living things use carbohydrates for |
| The break down of sugars such as glucose. | What supplies immediate energy for all cell activities? |
| complex carbohydrates, starches | Living things store extra energy as _______________ ________________ known as ___________. |
| source of energy | Starches and sugars are used as a |
| a single sugar molecule | Monosaccharides |
| macromolecules formed from monosaccharides | Polysaccharides |
| Lipids | _____________ are generally not soluble in water |
| fats, oils, waxes, steroids | The common categories of lipids are |
| store, membranes | Lipids can be used to ___________ energy and some are important parts of biological _____________ and waterproof coverings |
| glycerol molecules combine with fatty acids. | Many lipids are formed when |
| each carbon atom in a lipid's fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond. | A lipid is said to be saturated when |
| the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms | The term saturated is used because |
| hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phospherus | Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing |
| polymers | Nucleic acids are ___________ asembled from individual monomers known as neucleotides. |
| a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | Nucleotides consist of three parts: |
| store | Nucleic acids _________ and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. |
| DNA and RNA | The two kinds of nucleic acid are |
| nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | Proteins are macromolecules that contain |
| amino acids | Proteins are polymers of of molecules called |
| arranging amino acids into many different proteins. | DNA contains the instructions for |
| rate, cell processes | Some proteins control the ________ of reaction and regulate ____ ____________. |
| bones and muscles | Some proteins are used to form |
| transport, cells, disease | Other proteins __________ substances in or out of ______ to help fight ___________ . |
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