| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Atom | A unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
| Element | Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means |
| Protons | positive charge |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Electrons | negatively charged particles |
| Isotope | Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms that carries an electric charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons |
| Molecule | A chemical structure composed of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Free Radical | molecular fragments that contain an unpaired electron |
| Antioxidant | A chemical that can stop the destructive chain reactions of free radicals |
| Ionic bonds | A chemical bond that results from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent Bonds | A chemical bond formed when outer shell electrons are shared between atoms |
| Hydrogen Bonds | A weak chemical bond formed between partially positively charged hydrogen atom in a molecule and a paritaly negatively charged atom in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule |
| Hydrophilic | Water Loving |
| Hydrophobic | Water fearing |
| Acid | Any substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution |
| Base | Any substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution |
| Buffer | A substance that prevents dramatic change in the blood ph |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
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