Physio Endocrine: Thyroid
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Created by:
bmontefo Plus on April 14, 2012
Classes:
Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 True | True or false: Thyroid hormones generally act by modifying the effects of other hormones. |
| tyrosine,lipid,protein | T4/T3 are ______ derivatives and have ______-like solubility with a _____-like structure. |
| epithelial,colloid | Thyroid follicles' functional cells are the _________ cells, while their lumen is filled mostly with ______. |
| blood vessels,parafollicular | Thyroid interstitium contains both b____ v_____ and _____ cells for calcitonin release. |
| iodine | The thyroid is the sole utilizer of _______ in the body. |
| Na,pendrin | Iodine concentrates into the colloid of thyroid follicles via a ____/I- secondary active transporter, followed by the transporter _______ for primary activate transport into the lumen from the epithelium. |
| thyroperoxidase,oxidation,organification,coupling | The three steps of thyroid hormone production, carried out by the enzyme __________, include o_______, o_______, and c_______. |
| T4,T3 | Produced in the last step of thyroid hormone synthesis, _____ is made from 2 DITS, while _____ is made from a DIT + MIT. |
| thyroglobulin,lysosome | Thyroid hormone synthesis occurs all within a ________ molecule in the lumen of follicles, which is endocytosed into a _______, and immediately releases the formed hormones into circulation. |
| TBG,transthyretin | 75% of thyroid hormones are transported in blood via _____ (high affinity and low capacity), while the remainder is carried by _______ (mostly T4) and by high-capacity albumin. |
| 4 | Overall, more T__ is bound in the blood. |
| peripheral conversion | The process of changing T4 into T3 is termed ______ _____. |
| deiodinases,negative,positive | In peripheral conversion, there are several types of _______ which can be utilized in order to provide local control for excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones: Type 1 and 3 provide _____ regulation while Type 2 provides ______ regulation. (positive/negative) |
| iodine,TBG | Lithium, nitrate, and thiocyanide decrease ________ transport in the thyroid, while estrogen, heparin, and pregnanalone increase _______ synthesis. |
| TBG,4,3 | Androgens, glucocorticoids, and liver/kidney disease all cause a decrease in _______ synthesis, while iodine containing drugs and drugs inhibiting Type 1 and 2 deionidases can cause in increase in T____ and a decrease in T___. |
| False (it is regulated just by free) | True or false: TRH and TSH are regulated by the total (bound and free) T3/T4 concentration in plasma. |
| pulse,T3,T4 | TRH release is stimulated by its _____ generator, and inhibited primarily by high __ and __ concentrations. |
| T3,T4 | TSH release is inhibited primarily by high ____ and ___ concentrations. |
| thyroid,antibodies | The TSH receptor on the ______ has a large extracellular domain where _______ can bind and cause Grave's disease. |
| True | True or false: TSH binding stimulates essentially every step of thyroid hormone synthesis. |
| False (also on adipose and fibroblasts) | True or false: TSH receptors are only found on thyroid epithelial cells. |
| increased,TSH | The Wolf-Chakoff Effect describes that ______ (increased/decreased) free iodine that causes an auto regulation mechanism to decrease ____ receptor activity. |
| nuclear,3,RXR | Thyroid hormones bind to a _____receptor, which has a higher affinity for T____, and can form a hetero-dimer with _____. |
| increase,brain,spleen,testes | Thyroid hormones, which have receptors in most cells of the body, _____ BMR by increasing O2 use and heat production, except for in the b_____,S_____, and t_____. |
| catabolized,synthesized | As a result of thyroid hormones, carbs and fats are induced to be ________, while proteins are induced to be ________. (synthesized,catabolized) |
| increased,increased,increased | Thyroid hormones cause _______ gut motility, _____ bone formation and respiration, and _____ GH. (increased/decreased) |
| free | Hyper and hypo thyroidisms are in relation to the amount of _____ thyroid hormone in plasma. |
| hyper,hypo | Grave's disease,thyroiditis (first part), and toxic adenoma are causes of ____ thyroidism, while Hashimoto's disease, surgical destruction, and end-Grave's disease are causes of _____thyroidism. |
| hypothyroidism (high levels cause the Walff-chakoff effect) | Extreme high and low iodine levels are possible causes of __________. |
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