Islam
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Created by:
tangerbal11 on April 14, 2012
Description:
Intro to Western Religions Mitchell SMU
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30 terms
Arabic | English |
|---|---|
 Hadith | The compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad. |
| Hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |
| Ijtihad | reasoned interpretation of sacred law by a qualified scholar |
| Imam | Who Shiite look to as their religious leaders, seen as descendants from the line of Muhammad in the Quran. |
| Islam | the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life |
| Jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal |
| Kabah | sacred stone in the center of Mecca around which muslims are to walk during their pilgrimage |
| Rashidun | rule of the four rightly guided caliphs |
| Salat | the second pillar of Islam is prayer five times a day towards Mecca |
| Shahadah | declaration of faith |
| Shariah | The body of law that governs Muslim society; created during Abbasid period |
| Sunni Muslims | Majority of the Muslims; believe succesor of Muhhamad can be an elected caliph. |
| Shiite Muslims | Muslims that believe only descendants of Muhammad and his son-in-law Ali should rule |
| Sufism | Mystical strain of Islam that teaches that people can find gods love by having a personal relationship with god |
| Sunnah | Things Muhammad did in actual practice and custom |
| Ulama | The religious scholars in the muslim community, they help to create laws because of their extensive knowledge of the Quran |
| Ummah | the Islamic community Muhammad established, the 1st after the hijrah |
| Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims |
| Abu Bakr | 1st caliph of ummah during Rashidun. Was one of the earliest converts of Muhammad |
| Ali (ibn Abi Talib) | The cousin of Muhammad and was the last caliph of the rightly guided. Much disagreement over him being caliph because some believed he shouldn't automatically be caliph, that the caliph should be elected. |
| Hasan al-Banna | Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. Believed in minimal acceptance of the West, only where it would help ummah. Did this by creating hospitals, schools, etc. |
| Ghazzali | Sufi mystic who populated sufism and made it acceptable to religious establishments by emphasizing religious experience of ritual and law |
| Husain ibn ali | Son of Ali who (those later to be known as Shiite) believed should be caliph after death of Ali. Umayyad killed him so he couldn't. |
| al-Afghani | Muslim thinker that stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry. |
| Muhammad (ibn Abdallah) | considered the prophet and founder of islam who converted Arabs to monotheism. Allah |
| Sayyid Qutb | member of the more radical Muslim Brotherhood; disapproved of the materialism and violence associated with the Western world |
| Rumi | A famous Sufi poet, wanted to find a way to get closer to God, founded the Whirling Dervishes, |
| Abbasid dynasty | Golden age; 3 developments: Sharia law, Sunni/Shiite split, Sufism. Not much expansion, but much cultural growth |
| Safavid empire | Muslims were the majority. Shiite customs established to distinguish. In Iran. Persecuted rival forms of Islam. |
| Hijrah | When Muhammad left Mecca for Medina, is the start of the muslim calendar |
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