1.
activation complex: an unstable arrangement of atoms that form momentarily at the peack of the activation- energy barrier
2.
activation energy: the minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react
3.
catalyst: agents that increase reactant rates without being used up; lowers activation energy
4.
collision theory: atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with one another
5.
endothermic: products higher than reactant
6.
enzyme: protein molecule that acts as a catalyst
7.
equilibrium: Keq = 1
8.
equilibrium constant: ratio of the concentration terms
9.
equilibrium constant: the numerical value from when the equilibrium concentrations were substituted into the equilibrium- constant equation (Keq or Kc)
10.
equilibrium mixture: result of the reaction being reversible
11.
exothermic: products lower than reactant
12.
forward reaction: Keq > 1
13.
Haber process: an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the present of an iron catalyst
14.
half life: the time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach 1/2 its initial value
15.
inhibitors: interfere with the action of a catalyst; reactions slow or even stop
16.
instantaneous rate: the rate at a particular moment in the reaction
17.
law of mass action: for any reaction, the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products present at equilibrium
18.
Le Chatelier's Principle: if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance
19.
overall reaction order: sum of the orders with respect to each reactant in the rate law
20.
rate: measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time
21.
reaction rate: the change in the concentration of reactants or products per unit time; the speed of a chemical reaction
22.
reverse reaction: Keq < 1
23.
reversible reactions: where the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously
24.
speed: the change that occurs in an interval of time
