1.
euphemism: indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant
ex: resting place for cemetery, senior citizens for elderly
2.
fable: a brief story which leads to a moral often using animals as characters
1) Aesop's Fables 2) The Miller's Tale- Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
3.
frame device: a tale within a tale in which the primary story is told within a framework of a larger narrative
ex: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
4.
genre: a major category or type of literature
ex: tragedy, comedy, novel, epic
5.
homily: a sermon or a moralistic lecture
ex: Father Mapple's homily in Moby Dick
6.
hubris: excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy
ex: Ahab's hubris in Moby Dick that brings down the Pequod
7.
hyperbole: conscious exaggeration without the intention of persuading
ex: n/a
8.
idiom: an expression in a given language that can't be understood from the meaning of its individual elements
1) to look up a friend 2) to strike a bargain
9.
invective: an intensely vehement highly emotional verbal attack
ex: Jonathan Edwards attack on sinners in "Sinners in the hands of an angry God"
10.
irony: the use of words to convey the opposite of their literary meaning or the incongruity between one's expected and what actually occurs
ex: Poem "war is kind" by Stephen Crane
11.
juxtaposition: place in 2 elements side by side to present a comparison or a contrast
ex: Jim and Pap Finn are juxtaposed by Mark Twain in Huck Finn
12.
limited narrator: a narrator who presents the story as it is seen and understood by a single character and restricts information to what is seen, heard, thought, or felt by that one character
ex: Huckleberry Finn
13.
litotes: a type of understatement in which an affirmative is expressed as a negative
ex: n/a