| Term | Definition |
|---|
| gregorian chant | a liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church, The traditional music for Latin texts in the worship of the Roman Catholic Church, it is marked by performance in unison and by free-flowing rhythms that follow the phrasing of the text. The chants often call for one syllable to be sung across several notes; homophonic |
| nuemes | informal marks on the texts of the mass that developed into musical notation |
| modes | scales as well as a system of categorization that predates major and minor tonality |
| monophonic | consisting of a single melodic line |
| syllabic | one pitch per syllable |
| neumatic | 2-4 notes per syllable |
| melismatic | several notes per syllable, common in plainchant and arias; 5 or more notes/syllable |
| mass ordinary parts | kyrie, gloria, credo, agnus dei, sanctus |
| polyphony | musical texture in which two or more melodic lines are played or sung simultaneously |
| organum | Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more addition melodic lines, earliest type of polyphonic music, The first polyphony, harmonized chant, a capella, no meter |
| leonin | Organa composer from Notre Dame |
| periotin | organa composer? |
| cantus firmus | a pre-existing melody, "fixed melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served a s the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, |
| motet | an unaccompanied choral composition with sacred lyrics, Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass; |
| madrigal | a secular song introduced in Italy that became popular in England as well. Polyphonic in texture and expressive in mood, madrigals are written in the vernacular language |
| troubadours | travleing performers singing about chivalriss deeds performed by knights for ladies |
| trouveres | These musicians were basically the same as the troubadores but who lived in northeren France. They wrote songs about the epic deeds of individuals who were national heroes. |
| minnesingers | This was the name by which the wandering performers were known as in Germany |
| jongleurs | itinerant medieval musician or street entertainer |
| goliards | medieval latin songs associated with the goliards, who were wandering students and clerics |
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