Brief History of Sociology
About this set
Created by:
glorymichele on April 16, 2012
Subjects:
sociology, social sciences, humanities
Description:
Professor J. Capps Seattle University SOCL 120-01
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pre-modernity | social relations characterized by primarily agrarian lifestyles relatively undeveloped technology and traditional social norms |
| Modernity | social patterns resulting from industrialization |
| French Revolution | a conflict for liberty and equality in France |
| Technology | tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs |
| Urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban |
| Industrial Revolution | the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation |
| Law of 3 stages | The 3 stages of thinking that society goes through. The first is the Theological Phase. The second is the Metaphysical Phase. The third is the Scientific Phase. |
| Solidarity | a union of interests or purposes that encourages sympathy and unity among members of a group |
| Mechanical solidarity | Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks |
| Organic solidarity | Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people depending on others to fulfill their jobs |
| Social facts | Durkheim's term for social patterns that are external to individuals |
| Collective conscience | shared beliefs and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society |
| Gemeinshaft | a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness |
| Gesellshaft | a type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest |
| Rationalization of society | Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on private property and free enterprise |
| Industrialization | transition from an agricultural society to one based on industry |
| Social class | a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living |
| Social Darwinism | The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. |
| Comte | French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism and sociology |
| Durkheim | Founder of modern sociology; had famous study of suicide as social phenomenon and argued deviance was resultant of hereditary and environmental factors |
| Karl Marx | This man came up with the idea of communism/dialectic socialism that said that two classes have always battled against each other to form another class that will battle against its antithesis until the synthesis is one equal class working with each other for each other |
| Spencer | English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903) |
| Tonnies | gave us the gemmeinschaft and gesellschaft |
| Weber | German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878) |
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