Cellular Respiration
About this set
Created by:
jalbe860 on April 16, 2012
Subjects:
Cellular Respiration, metabolism, Cell and Molecular Biology
Description:
Detailed overview of Cellular Respiration
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adenosine triphosphate | The main energy carrying molecule in cells.(No abbreviations) |
| Aerobic respiration | Uses oxygen to release energy from carbohydrates and sequester it into ATP. |
| Anaerobic respiration | Release of energy from carbohydrates without the use of oxygen. |
| Glycolysis | Process by which glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules. |
| Aerobic respiration | Form of respiration which produces the most ATP for each glucose molecule used. |
| 36 | The number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration. |
| 2 | The net number of ATP molecules produced by anaerobic respiration. |
| Oxidation | The removal of electrons from an atom. |
| Reduction | The addition of electrons to an atom. |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate | Name of molecule which results from phosphorylation of Fructose-6 phosphate by Phosphofructokinase-1. |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | This is what NAD stands for. |
| B vitamins | NAD is derived from these vitamins which are not synthesized by vertebrates. |
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | Glycolysis produces this molecule which can be converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by the Gly-5 enzyme. |
| Pyruvate | Glycolysis ends with the formation of two of these molecules. |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate | This molecule is converted into pyruvate. |
| ATP | This molecule is produced along with pyruvate when the Gly-10 enzyme de-phosphorylates phosphoenolpyruvate. |
| ATP | This molecule is produced along with 3-phosphoglycerate when the Gly-7 enzyme de-phosphorylates 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. |
| 4 | This is the total number of ATP molecules produced in glycolysis. |
| 2 | This is the total number of ATP molecules used in glycolysis. |
| 2 | This is the total number of NADH molecules produced in glycolysis. |
| 2 | This is the total number of Pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis. |
| Lactate fermentation | Muscle cells use this form of respiration when glucose stores are low. |
| Alcoholic fermentation | Yeast are one organism that utilize this form of anaerobic respiration. |
| Cristae | This is the name of the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| Cytoplasm | Name of the location where glycolysis is performed. |
| ATP synthase | This protein is driven by an electrochemical gradient of proteins to drive ATP production in mitochondria. |
| Mitochondrial Matrix | Name of the location where the Krebs cycle is carried out. |
| Acetyl-coenzyme A | This molecule is produced from pyruvate when entering the inner mitochondrial matrix. NADH and CO2 are also produced in this reaction. |
| Citrate synthase | Acetyl CoA is combined with Oxaloacetate using this enzyme. |
| 2 | This is the number of CO2 molecules produced in the Krebs cycle per pyruvate. |
| 3 | This is the number of NADH molecules produced in the Krebs cycle per pyruvate. |
| 1 | This is the number of FADH2 molecules produced in the Krebs cycle per pyruvate. |
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide | This is what FAD stands for. |
| 1 | This is the number of ATP molecules produced in the Krebs cycle per pyruvate. |
| Isocitrate | Citrate is converted into this molecule in the Krebs cycle. |
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | Isocitrate is converted into this molecule in the Krebs cycle. |
| Succinyl CoA | Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted into this molecule in the Krebs cycle. |
| Aconitase | This enzyme produces isocitrate from citrate. |
| Isocitrate Dehydrogenase | This enzyme produces Alpha-ketoglutarate from isocitrate in the Krebs cycle. |
| Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase | This enzyme produces Succinyl CoA from Alpha-ketoglutarate in the Krebs Cycle. |
| Succinate | Succinyl CoA is converted into this molecule during the Krebs cycle. |
| Fumarate | Succinate is converted into this molecule during the Krebs cycle. |
| Malate | Fumarate is converted into this molecule during the Krebs cycle. |
| Oxaloacetate | Malate is converted into this molecule during the Krebs cycle. |
| Succinyl CoA synthase | Succinyl CoA is converted into Succinate by this enzyme. |
| Succinate dehydrogenase | Succinate is converted into Fumarate by this enzyme. |
| Fumarase | Fumarate is converted into malate by this enzyme. |
| Malate dehydrogenase | Malate is converted into Oxaloacetate by this enzyme. |
| Succinate dehydrogenase | FADH2 is produced from FAD in the Krebs cycle by this enzyme. |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase | Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA by this enzyme. |
| 2 | For each molecule of glucose this many molecules of NADH are produced in the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA |
| Flavin Mononucleotide | This is abbreviated as FMN and is used in the electron transport system. |
| NADH dehydrogenase | This enzyme transfers enzymes from NADH to CoQ in the electron transport chain. |
| Cytochrome | Heme containing protein used in the electron transport chain. |
| NADH dehydrogenase complex | Complex 1 of the electron transport chain. |
| Succinate-Coenzyme Q oxioreductase complex | Complex 2 of the electron transport chain. |
| Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxioreductase complex | Complex 3 of the electron transport chain. |
| Cytochrome c oxidase | Complex 4 of the electron transport chain. |
| Oxygen | Final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. |
| Cyanide and Azide | These two molecules block electron transport by binding to the Fe/Cu center of complex IV |
| Peter Mitchell | Name of scientist who discovered the use of an chemiosmotic gradient in producing ATP in cells. He won a Nobel Peace Prize for this work in 1978. |
| F1 | Portion of the ATP synthase that contains synthase activity. |
| F0 | Portion of the ATP synthase that contains proton translocator activity. |
| Loose | L conformation of F0F1 complex stands for this. |
| Tight | T conformation of F0F1 complex stands for this. |
| Open | O conformation of F0F1 complex stands for this. |
| 32 | This is the number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain. |
| Carbohydrates | Type of molecules mainly used in cellular respiration. |
| Fats | Type of molecules used secondarily in cellular respiration. |
| Proteins | Type of molecules used as a last resort in cellular respiration. |
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