1970s terms 1
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Created by:
jasonlong518 on April 16, 2012
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Feminism | A theory describing the possibility of equality for women in politics, social circumstances, and financial matters. While it had begun in the late 1800s, in the late 1960s, with the Vietnam War and counterculture, the fights for equality exploded, and feminists rapidly began to try to bring about radical change as quickly as possible. This was the first real occurrence of feminism actually succeeding in its ideas and gaining substantial change for its supporters, as before the 1960s there was little to no success with most people still opposed or hostile to change comparable to this. |
| Betty Friedan & The Feminine Mystique | A radical book outlining a radical (for the time) outlook on the female's role in society. She described the women who were given what society said they ought to have, and how it was frowned upon for them to disagree. However, most women were not happy with their roles, and the ones who argued that they were were criticized and degraded in the book. She said that women did not have to simply accept their given roles in society, and that it would be possible to have something larger and more significant than being a simple subordinate. |
| National Organization for Women (NOW) | A group formed in 1966 that pushed for female equality, deeming that the current pace of change was too slow and that organizations were unwilling to push for more aggressive legislation and to take "women's grievances" with more care. They also supported equal pay for women, with a balance in responsibilities between men and women in the household and an attack on sexist slogans and photographs in advertising. It found considerable success; it gained 15,000 members in only 5 years. However, some found their militant strategies and middle-class focus as detrimental to other women, such as blacks, immigrants, and the poor. |
| Gloria Steinem & Ms. | A woman dedicated to promoting feminism by starting a magazine (named in answer) in 1972, which promoted decidedly controversial and unusual views on a woman's role in the household. Widely popular, 200,000 subscribers joined within the first year. |
| Roe v. Wade | A highly significant Supreme Court case that legalized abortion for women in all states, as in most states the access to abortion for women was either severely restricted or impossible. Termination of a pregnancy was legalized within the first three months, but allowed states to continue to regulate during the last two trimesters. |
| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | An amemdment nearly added to the Constitution in 1972 that outlawed discrimination based on sex, allowing women to pursue equal employment. It was quickly approved and thirty states radified it easily, but it stalled from there and never gained more than 35 states until its deadline in 1982. |
| Phyllis Schlafly | A conservative political activist that opposed radification of the ERA, and said that it would become a detriment to women rather than an asset, which was supported widely by many women who did not feel that change was necessary; they were happy in their roles in the home and felt that the offenses of the activists were a threat to their lifestyles. |
| Cesar Chaves & United Farm Workers (UFW) | A past migrant farm worker who supported the idea of a collective union to better the lifestyles of these workers and help them gain economic prosperity and power in America. As a result, he organized Mexican farmers into (mentioned in the answer). They became powerful quickly, with 1,700 members in five years. They supported equal rights and better working conditions for farmers, and were not afraid to boycott when necessary. They used their power to reject the purchase of produce and other crops across the country, which was met with opposition. However, California and several other states expressed their support, and laws were passed requiring negotiation with the farm unions. |
| American Indian Movement (AIM) | An organization dedicated to bettering the lives of Native Americans. Led by Dennis Banks, this group fought for better protection of NAs living in cities or towns, with more patrols and police support. They also fought to increase Indian cultural pride for young members, and also wanted independence for reservations, better regulation of their natural resources, and the restoration and beautification of land normally taken from the Native Americans. |
| protest at Alcatraz | An event when 75 Native Americans landed at (in the answer), claiming it under the Fort Laramie Treaty, which allowed male NAs to claim U.S. land as homestead. Many joined up with the movement, planning to change the prison into a cultural center. While it failed soon after a year, the point was made, and more people realized the plight of the natives. |
| Wounded Knee (1973) | An event directed by the AIM wherein the area named was occupied by the organization, and refused to leave until an investigation was made into the numerous counts of poverty and tragic living conditions, as well as a review of 300+ treaties delegating behaviors between the U.S. and Native American tribes. Native American leaders supported the movement as well. However, the village was sieged by federal marshals and the FBI, who arrested 300 people and killed two AIM members in the struggle lasting for three months. |
| Russell Means | The leader of the AIM who adopted the strategies of early black power organizations with more militant and aggressive behavior toward federal authorities and critics, and promoted the idea of Native American racial and cultural pride. |
| Rachel Carson & Silent Spring | A book written in 1962 that began the environmentalist movement and was written by one of the most prominent naturalists of the era. Her book describes the effects of irresponsible and harmful practices on the environment, and the need for the government to reform its practices and be accountable for its actions. The book started a movement that would soon grow to a culture of care for the planet and to put the environment before the people. |
| Earth Day | A day of discussion and awareness about the environment proposed by Senator Gaylord Nelson in 1969, who wanted to increase awareness and respect for the environment through a national day. This day, mentioned in the answer, was first celebrated the next year, on April 22, 1970. |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | A federal committee instituted by President Nixon in 1970 to combat air and water pollution with other agencies already dedicated to the effort, who would soon be amalgamated into the organization. They would pass many regulatory laws through Congress, such as the Clean Air and the Clean Water Acts, which regulated commercial emissions and the exhaust from cars, and also regulated the dumping of municipal water and other chemicals as well as sewage-treatment. |
| Ralph Nader & Unsafe at Any Speed | An attorney who spearheaded the 1960s and 70s consumerism movement, with a belief that more regulation of businesses was necessary to benefit the American citizen and protect his safety. His most famous book, mentioned in the answer, unveiled many of the issues and dangers about automobiles in that age, and the refusal to fix them by the manufacturers. He drew large amounts of attention with his several appearances and said very successful book, causing an outrage at the practices of automobile manufacturers. Congress passes the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act the same year, marking an achievement for his work. |
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