1.
2nd Temple of Hera (Poseidon): Paestum, Italy c. 460 B.C.
2.
Abacus: At the top of a capital, a thick rectangular slab of stone that serves as the flat, broad surface on which the architrave rests.
3.
Acropolis: Athens, Greece begun c. 400 B.C.
4.
Amphiprostyle: A classical temple type with a portico at both it front and rear.
5.
Architrave: A square beam that is the lowest of the three horizontal components of a Classical entablature
6.
Battered Wall: A wall that is sloped
7.
Capital: The upper most part of a column, usually shaped to articulate the joint with the lintel or arch supported; in Classical types, comprising an abacus, echinus, and other carved detail.
8.
Caryatid: A sculpted female figure used as a support in place of a column or pier
9.
Cella: The body and main sanctuary of a Classical temple, as distinct from its portico and other external parts; sometimes used synonymously with naos, the principle room of a temple where the cult statue is housed.
10.
Chefren (Khafre): Second Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2530 B.C.
11.
Cheops (Khufu): First Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2570 B.C.
12.
Clerestory: A part of a building that rises above adjoining rooftops and is pierced by window openings to admit light to the interior
13.
Coffering: Recessed panels, square or polygonal, that ornament a vault, ceiling, or the underside (soffit) of an arch.
14.
Column: A vertical, usually cylindrical, support, commonly consisting of a base, shaft, and capital; in Classical architecture, its parts are governed by proportional rules.
15.
Corbeled Arch: Masonry constructed over a wall opening be a series of courses projecting from each side and stepped progressively further forward until they meet at midpoint; not a true arch.
16.
Cornice: The uppermost, projecting portion of an entablature; also the crowning horizontal molding of a building or wall.
17.
Cyclopean Wall: Constructed without mortar of irregular stones so hugh it was late believed to be the work of a mythical race of giants called Cyclopes.
18.
Decastyle: A temple with ten columns across the front and back
19.
Dipteral: Referring to a temple surrounded by a double range of columns.
20.
Distyle: A temple with two columns across the front and back
21.
Dolmen: A prehistoric monument composed of two large stones placed upright with a covering stone slab, forming chamber.
22.
Doric Order: The column and entablature developed on mainland Greece; the fluted columnar shaft is without a base; its capital is an abacus above a simple cushionlike molding (echinus). The entablature has a plain architrave, a frieze composed of metopes and triglyphs, and a cornice with projecting blocks (mutules). In Roman Doric, the column is slimmer that the Greek prototype, is unfluted, and stands on a low base; the capital is smaller.
23.
Drum: 1. The cylindrical or polygonal wall supporting a dome. 2. One of the cylindrical sections comprising the shaft of a column.
24.
Echinus: A convex, cushionlike molding between the shaft and the abacus in the Doric or Tuscan order; in an Ionic capital, found beneath the volutes, generally in decorated form
25.
Engaged Column: A column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded within a wall
26.
Ennastyle: A temple with nine columns across the front and back
27.
Entablature: The upper part of a Classical order comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice.
28.
Entasis: The slight swelling of the vertical profile of a Classical column as it tapers towards the top to counteract the illusion of concavity that accompanies straight-sided columns.
29.
Erectheum: Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 420 B.C.
30.
Fluting: The shallow concave channels cut vertically into the shaft of a column or pilaster. In Doric columns, they meet in a sharp edge (arris); in Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite columns, they are separated by a narrow strip.
31.
Frieze: A horizontal band, sometimes painted or decorated with sculpture or moldings. It may run along the upper portion of a wall just beneath a cornice or it may be that part of a Classical entablature that lies between the architrave and cornice. A Doric frieze often has continuous relief sculpture.
32.
Funerary complex of Queen Hatshepshut: Deir el Bahari, Egypt c. 1470 B.C.
33.
Guttae: Beneath each triglyph in a Doric entablature, small conical projections that may represent the wooden pegs used in the timber prototypes of the Greek temple.
34.
Hexastyle: A temple with six columns across the front and back
35.
Hypostyle: A structure-usually a large hall-in which the roof is supported by many rows of columns. The term is frequently applied to ancient Egyptian temples.
36.
Ionic Order: One of the five classical orders, the Ionic is characterized by a scroll-shaped (voluted) capital element, the presence of dentils in the cornice, and a frieze that might contain continuous relief ornament.
37.
King Zoser's Funerary complex: Step Pyramid Saqqara, Egypt c. 2750 B.C.
38.
Lion Gate: Mycenae c. 1250 B.C.
39.
Mastaba: Derived from the Arabic word meaning "bench," mastaba refers to a type of Egyptian tomb, rectangular in shape and formed with sloping sides and a flat top, with a passage leading to an underground burial chamber.
40.
Megalithic: Prehistoric monuments made of or containing megaliths.
41.
Megaron: The principle hall of an Aegean dwelling, oblong in shape and sometimes subdivided into a larger and smaller section by a range of columns; thought to be the ancestor of the Greek temple plan.
42.
Menhir: A tall upright stone of the kind erected in prehistoric times in western Europe.
43.
Metope: In the frieze of a Doric Order, the rectangular area between triglyphs; often left plain but sometimes decorated with relief ornament.
44.
Mortise and Tenon: A method of wood joining whereby a board formed with a projecting tongue (tenon) is fitted into a board hole (mortise) of corresponding shape.
45.
Mycerinus (Menkure): Thrid Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2500 B.C.
46.
Naos: The principle enclosed area of a Greek temple, containing the cult statue of god or goddess.
47.
Necking: A narrow ringlike molding between the bottom of a capital and the top of the shaft of a column
48.
Obelisk: A stone pillar, typically having a square or rectangular cross section and a pyramidal top, set up as a monument or landmark.
49.
Octastyle: A temple with eight columns across the front and back
50.
Oracle at Delphi: Delphi, Greece c. 370 B.C.
51.
Palace of Knossos: Island of Crete c. 1700-1400 B.C.
52.
Parthenon: Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 447-438 B.C.
53.
Peripteral: Pertaining to a building surrounded by a row of columns on all sides
54.
Peripteral: Pertaining to a building surrounded by a row of columns on all sides.
55.
Peristyle: A continuous colonnade around a courtyard or around the exterior of a building.
56.
Pier: A massive vertical support often rectangular in plan and therefore differing from a column, sometimes having its own capital and base. When combined with pilasters, columns, or shafts, it is called a compound pier. Its proportions are far more variable than a Classical column. Pier is also the term used for the solid mass between windows, doors, and arches.
57.
Pilaster: A column in flattened, rectangular shape, projecting slightly from the face of the wall.
58.
Post and Lintel: A system of construction in which two or more uprights support a horizontal beam; also called trabeated.
59.
Propylea: Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 437-432 B.C.
60.
Prostyle: A classical temple having columns across the front, set in a line forward on the side walls of the cella.
61.
Pylon: In ancient Egyptian architecture, the sloping, towerlike walls flanking the entrance to a temple.
62.
Raking Cornice: either of two straight, sloping cornices on a pediment following or suggesting the slopes of a roof
63.
Stereobate: A solid mass of masonry serving as a foundation for a wall or row of columns.
64.
Stonehenge: Salisbury Plain, England c. 3000 B.C.
65.
Stylobate: The continuous platform of masonry on which a colonnade rests; the uppermost level of the stepped base (crepidoma) of a Greek temple.
66.
Temple E: Selinus, Island of Sicily c. 465-450 B.C.
67.
Temple of Athena-Nike: Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 420 B.C. (small temple)
68.
Temple of Concord: Agrigentum, Sicily c. 430 B.C.
69.
Temple of Hera I (Basilica): Paestum, Italy c. 530 B.C.
70.
Temple of Horus-Edfu: Egypt c. 305-330 B.C.
71.
Temple of Karnak and Luxor: Egypt c. 1100 B.C.
72.
Tetrastyle: A temple with four columns across the front and back
73.
Tholos: In Greek architecture, a circular building; also in Mycenaean architecture, a circular tomb of beehive shape.
74.
Tomb of Clytemenstra: Mycenae c. 1250 B.C.
75.
Trabeation: A architectural system using a horizontal beam over supports, as opposed to an arched or arcuated system; synonymous with post and lintel.
76.
Treasury of Atreus: Mycenae c. 1200 B.C.
77.
Trigylph: In a Doric frieze, the projecting block marked by vertical grooves (glyphs) between the rectangular areas known as metopes.
78.
Ziggurat: Mesopotamian. A rectangular stepped tower, sometime surmounted by a temple.
79.
Ziggurat of Ur: Sumer, Ur c. 2150-2050 B.C.
