Study Guide #1
About this set
Created by:
gurlabouttown on September 14, 2009
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abacus | At the top of a capital, a thick rectangular slab of stone that serves as the flat, broad surface on which the architrave rests. |
| Capital | The upper most part of a column, usually shaped to articulate the joint with the lintel or arch supported; in Classical types, comprising an abacus, echinus, and other carved detail. |
| Cella | The body and main sanctuary of a Classical temple, as distinct from its portico and other external parts; sometimes used synonymously with naos, the principle room of a temple where the cult statue is housed. |
| Clerestory | A part of a building that rises above adjoining rooftops and is pierced by window openings to admit light to the interior |
| Column | A vertical, usually cylindrical, support, commonly consisting of a base, shaft, and capital; in Classical architecture, its parts are governed by proportional rules. |
| Cornice | The uppermost, projecting portion of an entablature; also the crowning horizontal molding of a building or wall. |
| Doric Order | The column and entablature developed on mainland Greece; the fluted columnar shaft is without a base; its capital is an abacus above a simple cushionlike molding (echinus). The entablature has a plain architrave, a frieze composed of metopes and triglyphs, and a cornice with projecting blocks (mutules). In Roman Doric, the column is slimmer that the Greek prototype, is unfluted, and stands on a low base; the capital is smaller. |
| Echinus | A convex, cushionlike molding between the shaft and the abacus in the Doric or Tuscan order; in an Ionic capital, found beneath the volutes, generally in decorated form |
| Entablature | The upper part of a Classical order comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice. |
| Fluting | The shallow concave channels cut vertically into the shaft of a column or pilaster. In Doric columns, they meet in a sharp edge (arris); in Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite columns, they are separated by a narrow strip. |
| Guttae | Beneath each triglyph in a Doric entablature, small conical projections that may represent the wooden pegs used in the timber prototypes of the Greek temple. |
| Ionic Order | One of the five classical orders, the Ionic is characterized by a scroll-shaped (voluted) capital element, the presence of dentils in the cornice, and a frieze that might contain continuous relief ornament. |
| Megalithic | Prehistoric monuments made of or containing megaliths. |
| Metope | In the frieze of a Doric Order, the rectangular area between triglyphs; often left plain but sometimes decorated with relief ornament. |
| Naos | The principle enclosed area of a Greek temple, containing the cult statue of god or goddess. |
| Obelisk | A stone pillar, typically having a square or rectangular cross section and a pyramidal top, set up as a monument or landmark. |
| Peristyle | A continuous colonnade around a courtyard or around the exterior of a building. |
| Pilaster | A column in flattened, rectangular shape, projecting slightly from the face of the wall. |
| Pylon | In ancient Egyptian architecture, the sloping, towerlike walls flanking the entrance to a temple. |
| Stereobate | A solid mass of masonry serving as a foundation for a wall or row of columns. |
| Megaron | The principle hall of an Aegean dwelling, oblong in shape and sometimes subdivided into a larger and smaller section by a range of columns; thought to be the ancestor of the Greek temple plan. |
| Prostyle | A classical temple having columns across the front, set in a line forward on the side walls of the cella. |
| Amphiprostyle | A classical temple type with a portico at both it front and rear. |
| Peripteral | Pertaining to a building surrounded by a row of columns on all sides. |
| Dipteral | Referring to a temple surrounded by a double range of columns. |
| Distyle | A temple with two columns across the front and back |
| Tetrastyle | A temple with four columns across the front and back |
| Hexastyle | A temple with six columns across the front and back |
| Octastyle | A temple with eight columns across the front and back |
| Ennastyle | A temple with nine columns across the front and back |
| Decastyle | A temple with ten columns across the front and back |
| Trabeation | A architectural system using a horizontal beam over supports, as opposed to an arched or arcuated system; synonymous with post and lintel. |
| Ziggurat | Mesopotamian. A rectangular stepped tower, sometime surmounted by a temple. |
| Battered Wall | A wall that is sloped |
| Architrave | A square beam that is the lowest of the three horizontal components of a Classical entablature |
| Caryatid | A sculpted female figure used as a support in place of a column or pier |
| Coffering | Recessed panels, square or polygonal, that ornament a vault, ceiling, or the underside (soffit) of an arch. |
| Corbeled Arch | Masonry constructed over a wall opening be a series of courses projecting from each side and stepped progressively further forward until they meet at midpoint; not a true arch. |
| Dolmen | A prehistoric monument composed of two large stones placed upright with a covering stone slab, forming chamber. |
| Drum | 1. The cylindrical or polygonal wall supporting a dome. 2. One of the cylindrical sections comprising the shaft of a column. |
| Engaged Column | A column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded within a wall |
| Entasis | The slight swelling of the vertical profile of a Classical column as it tapers towards the top to counteract the illusion of concavity that accompanies straight-sided columns. |
| Frieze | A horizontal band, sometimes painted or decorated with sculpture or moldings. It may run along the upper portion of a wall just beneath a cornice or it may be that part of a Classical entablature that lies between the architrave and cornice. A Doric frieze often has continuous relief sculpture. |
| Hypostyle | A structure-usually a large hall-in which the roof is supported by many rows of columns. The term is frequently applied to ancient Egyptian temples. |
| Mastaba | Derived from the Arabic word meaning "bench," mastaba refers to a type of Egyptian tomb, rectangular in shape and formed with sloping sides and a flat top, with a passage leading to an underground burial chamber. |
| Menhir | A tall upright stone of the kind erected in prehistoric times in western Europe. |
| Mortise and Tenon | A method of wood joining whereby a board formed with a projecting tongue (tenon) is fitted into a board hole (mortise) of corresponding shape. |
| Necking | A narrow ringlike molding between the bottom of a capital and the top of the shaft of a column |
| Peripteral | Pertaining to a building surrounded by a row of columns on all sides |
| Pier | A massive vertical support often rectangular in plan and therefore differing from a column, sometimes having its own capital and base. When combined with pilasters, columns, or shafts, it is called a compound pier. Its proportions are far more variable than a Classical column. Pier is also the term used for the solid mass between windows, doors, and arches. |
| Post and Lintel | A system of construction in which two or more uprights support a horizontal beam; also called trabeated. |
| Raking Cornice | either of two straight, sloping cornices on a pediment following or suggesting the slopes of a roof |
| Stylobate | The continuous platform of masonry on which a colonnade rests; the uppermost level of the stepped base (crepidoma) of a Greek temple. |
| Tholos | In Greek architecture, a circular building; also in Mycenaean architecture, a circular tomb of beehive shape. |
| Trigylph | In a Doric frieze, the projecting block marked by vertical grooves (glyphs) between the rectangular areas known as metopes. |
| Cyclopean Wall | Constructed without mortar of irregular stones so hugh it was late believed to be the work of a mythical race of giants called Cyclopes. |
| Stonehenge | Salisbury Plain, England c. 3000 B.C. |
| King Zoser's Funerary complex | Step Pyramid Saqqara, Egypt c. 2750 B.C. |
| Cheops (Khufu) | First Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2570 B.C. |
| Chefren (Khafre) | Second Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2530 B.C. |
| Mycerinus (Menkure) | Thrid Pyramid of Giza, Egypt c. 2500 B.C. |
| Funerary complex of Queen Hatshepshut | Deir el Bahari, Egypt c. 1470 B.C. |
| Temple of Karnak and Luxor | Egypt c. 1100 B.C. |
| Temple of Horus-Edfu | Egypt c. 305-330 B.C. |
| Ziggurat of Ur | Sumer, Ur c. 2150-2050 B.C. |
| Palace of Knossos | Island of Crete c. 1700-1400 B.C. |
| Treasury of Atreus | Mycenae c. 1200 B.C. |
| Tomb of Clytemenstra | Mycenae c. 1250 B.C. |
| Lion Gate | Mycenae c. 1250 B.C. |
| Temple of Hera I (Basilica) | Paestum, Italy c. 530 B.C. |
| 2nd Temple of Hera (Poseidon) | Paestum, Italy c. 460 B.C. |
| Temple E | Selinus, Island of Sicily c. 465-450 B.C. |
| Temple of Concord | Agrigentum, Sicily c. 430 B.C. |
| Parthenon | Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 447-438 B.C. |
| Temple of Athena-Nike | Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 420 B.C. (small temple) |
| Erectheum | Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 420 B.C. |
| Acropolis | Athens, Greece begun c. 400 B.C. |
| Propylea | Acropolis, Athens, Greece c. 437-432 B.C. |
| Oracle at Delphi | Delphi, Greece c. 370 B.C. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.