osmotic regulation/temperature t3
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Created by:
amandamendi on April 16, 2012
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Osmosis is | the movement of water molecules across a cell membrane from areas of high concentration WATER to low areas of low WATER concentration |
| hypertonic | higher solute and lower water concentration |
| hypotonic | lower solute and higher water concentration |
| isotonic | equal water and solute concentration |
| ideal enviroment is isotonic, it is maintained internally by | osmotic regulation |
| hypotonic cell | water in and cell burst |
| hypertonic cell | water out and shrivals up |
| osmotic regulation in marine invertebrates: | 1. maintain an equal solute contentrationto sea water and 2. limited osmotic regulation |
| stenohaline species | tolerate little chnages in salinity (spider crab) |
| Euryhaline species | tolerate a wider range of salinty (shore crab) |
| what type of enviroment do marine fish live in? | hypertonic enviroment |
| marin fish deal with | constant water loss and salt uptake by hypoosmotic regulation |
| marine fish must | drink water, produce a concentrated urine, and excrete salt through gills by active transport |
| freshwater fish live what type of enviorments? | hypotonic enviorments |
| freshwater fish must deal with | a constant salt and mineral loss and water uptake by hyperosmotic reugulation |
| freshwater fish must | drink limited water, produce diluted urine, and absorb salt through gills by active transport. |
| Terrestrial animals lose waster by | evaporation from breathing and body surfaces, excretion in urine and feces |
| terrestial animals replace water by | water in food, drinking, and metabloiuc water (cellular respiration |
| contractile vacuoles take up water from | osmosis, swelling, and then collapsing releasing excess water through an external pore |
| protonephridia in acoelomates (flatworms) and pseudocoelomates (nematodes and rotifers) | collect body fluids through collecting tubules and the action of a flame cell. Wastes are expelled through an excretory pore. CLOSED SYSTEM. |
| Metanephridia in eucoelomates such as molluscs and annelids are | more sophisticated with nephridia having two openings and being surrounded a network of blood vessels. fluid enters the nephrostome, and wastes is released through the nephridiopre. OPEN SYSTEM |
| arthropod kidneys | antennal glands take a protein-free ultrafiltrate from the blood, and reabsorbs salts prior to excretion. closed system. |
| Malpighian tubules in insecets and spiders | operate in conjuction with the rectum to secrete insouluble uric acid. muscle contractions force fluid into the tubules. closed system. |
| Vertebrate kidneys functional | 1.functional unit of the kidney is the nephron 2. has three physical functions: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. |
| The glomerulus in the nephron produces: | a protein -free filtration |
| in the nephron the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs | 60% of filtrate (water glucose, amino acids, and vitamins) |
| in the nephron, the descending limp of loop of henle is | permeable to water and impermeable to NaCl (increases NaCl concentration) |
| In the nephron the ascending limb of henle's loop reabsorbs | NaCl and is impermeable to water |
| In the nephron, the distal convoled tubule re-absorbs | NaCl and secretes potassium unde the control of aldosterone |
| In the nephron, the collelcting ducts permeability to water and urea is | collected by antidiuretic horomone |
| in the nehpron, blood pressure is | regulated in part by enzyme renin |
| What are ectotherms? | animals that lose heat as soon as they generate it. (most animals) |
| Ectotherms bodies temperature | is determined by the enviroment. |
| Endotherms | are animals that generate heat and retain enough metabolic heat to raise and stabilize body temperature (birds and mammals) |
| Behaviorbal adjustments in ectotherms for thermoregulation are | avoiding extreme conditions (burrowing) |
| Metabloic adjustments in ectotherms for thermoregulation are | keeping a steady metabolism in heat or cold |
| Adaption for hot environments for endotherms in thermoregulation are: | Fossorial behavior, noctural behavior, and evaporative cooling |
| adaption for cold environments for endotherms in thermogeneration is | decreased conductance and increased hear production, and huddling |
| what is decreased conductance in endotherms | more insulation reduced blood flow to skin |
| what is increaed head production in endotherms? | burning brown fat, and shivering and activity |
| adaptive hypothermia in endotherms are: | torpor, hibernation, estivation |
| what is torpor? | daily decrease in temperature and metabolism |
| what is hibernation? | prolonged decrease in temperature metabolism, and prolonged sleep |
| what is estivation? | summer sleep (desert frogs and tortoises bears) |
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