| Term | Definition |
|---|
| changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. | A chemical reaction is a process that |
| the elements or compounds that that enter into a chemical reaction | Reactants |
| the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. | Products |
| bonds, atoms | Chemical reactions always involve changes in chemical _________ that join ______ in compounds. |
| released, absorbed, broken | Energy is ____________ or ___________ whenever chemical bonds form or are _________. |
| spontaneously | Chemical reactions that release energy often occur __________________ |
| source | Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a ______________ of energy. |
| carry out reactions that require energy. | In order to stay alive, organisms need to |
| matter, energy, reactions | Because __________ and energy are conserved in chemical reactions, every organism must have a source of __________ to carry out chemical ____________. |
| Plants | Get energy from sun |
| Animals | Get energy from consuming plants or other animals |
| the energy that is needed to get a reaction started | Activation energy |
| factor, absorbs | Activation energy is a _________ in whether the overall chemical reaction releases energy, or _________ energy |
| a substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. | Catalyst |
| lowering a reaction's activation energy | Catalysts work by |
| proteins that act as biological catalysts | Enzymes are |
| Speed up | Enzymes speed up/slow down chemical reactions that take place in cells. |
| lowering the activation energy | Enzymes act by |
| reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds will be broken and new bonds formed. | For a chemical reaction to take place, the |
| site, energy | Enzymes provide a __________ where reactants can be brought together to react, reducing the ________ needed for reaction. |
| the raectants of enzyme catalyzed reactions | Substrates are |
| lock and key | The fit is so preceice that the active site and substrates are often compared to a |
| bound, products | The enzyme and substrates remain _________ together until the reaction is done and the substrates converted to _____________. |
| released, enzyme | The products of the reaction are _______ and the __________ is free to start the process over again. |
| variable | Enzymes can be affected by any _______________ that influences a chemical reaction. |
| PH | Enzymes work best at certain ________ values. |
| temperature | Many enzymes are affected by changes in |
| Cells | What can regulate the activities of enzymes? |
| Proteins | What helps to turn key enzymes "on" and "off" at critical stages in the life of cells. |
| regulating chemical pathways, making material that cells need, releasing energy, transferring information. | Enzymes play essential roles in: |
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