Chapter 15 Study Guide wms
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cunninghamn on April 17, 2012
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 border states | slave states that did not secede from the Union |
| neutral | not favoring either side |
| martial law | a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens' rights are suspended |
| blockade | a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it |
| ironclads | warships covered with protective plates |
| casualties | military term for persons killed, wounded, or missing in action |
| emancipate | to free |
| Copperheads | name given to Northerners against the war |
| habeas corpus | the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |
| draft | a system of required military service |
| income tax | a tax on the money people receive from their jobs |
| inflation | a general rise in prices caused by an increase in the amount of money in circulation |
| siege | an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and cutting it off until the people inside surrender |
| total war | all out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy's army, its resources, and its people's will to fight |
| arsenal | gun warehouse |
| Civil war | a war between people of the same country |
| civilian | a person not in the army |
| Stonewall Jackson | Confederate general who earned his nickname for standing firm at Bull Run |
| General Sheridan | General who led Union forces into the Shenandoah Valley (southern Virginia) late in the war |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the Confederate forces |
| Dorthea Dix | Superintendent of army nurses in the North |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Slaves in states still in rebellion were set free by this |
| bounty | payment made to men who enlisted inthe Union army |
| profiteers | people who made money by charging high prices for goods needed by the army |
| Clara Barton | person who started the American Red Cross |
| Gen. Sherman | General who led the Union march from Atlanta to the sea |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| Gen. George McClellan | Commander of the Union forces AFTER Bull Run |
| Gen. U.S. Grant | Commander of the Union forces; Robert E. Lee surrendered to him at the end of the war |
| West Virginia | state that was added to the Union as a result of a disagreement over slavery |
| Union Border States | West Virginia, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland |
| Advantages the South had when entering the war | 1. fighting on their own land 2. help from local people 3. had the best military officers 4. North had to invade the South 5. Fighting for their independence |
| Advantages the North had when entering the war | 1. most factories/industries 2. more railroad tracks 3. twice as much farmland 4. more people 5. more resources to field, feed, and equip big armies |
| Anaconda Plan | The name for the Union strategies to win the war |
| Union strategies to win the war | 1. blockade the South 2. gain control of Miss. River 3. divide Confed. in half and take Atlanta part first, then go back around for the rest 4. capture Richmond |
| Southern strategies to win the war | 1. defend the land until the North got tired of fighting 2. get help from Britain/Europe |
| First battle of Bull Run | Union general--Gen. McDowell Confederate general: Stonewall Jackson Winner: Confederates (South) Significant: Civilian spectators came to watch-thought it would be a quick and painless war; Rebel Yell-started by Confederates to show emotions that they were fearless |
| Camp conditions for soldiers | -spent 3/4 of time training--not fighting -poor food -lack of clean water -diseases--often too sick to fight |
| Elmira, New York | Union prison camp; bad conditions; overcrowded and people starved to death |
| Andersonville,Georgia | Name of Southern prison camp with same bad conditions |
| Rifles and cannons | new weapons that made the war more deadly because they could be loaded faster, were more accurate and had a longer range |
| Names of the 2 ironclad ships that fought to a draw in March 1862 | Union--Monitor Confederate--Merrimack |
| 2 reasons why General Lee decided to invade the North | 1. to win support for the South from Europe 2. turn Northern public opinion against the war |
| Battle of Antietam--Sept. 1862 | Union gen: Gen. McClellan Confed gen: Gen. Robert E. Lee Winner: North Significance: Bloodiest day of Civil War-many casualties, stopped Lee's invasion of Maryland, South wanted to get border states to secede, Emancipation Proclamation issued right before the battle |
| Gen. U. S. Grant | General in charge of the Union armies in the west |
| Battle of Shiloh | Union gen: US Grant Confed gen: Gen. Albert Johnston Winner: Union (North) Significance: Union gained control of Western Tenn. and most of Miss. River, Grant's first major victory |
| David Farragut | Union general that captured New Orleans and gained more control of the Miss River for the Union |
| Problems with the Emancipation Proclamation | 1. Freed slaves only in Confed. states where Union had no power or control 2. Did not apply to slaves living in the border states |
| Results of the Emancipation Proclamation | -Union soldiers happy--thought it weakened the South -War now seen as a fight to end slavery -No chance of Europe helping the South -United African Americans in support of the Union |
| Ft. Wagner, South Carolina | Most famous battle of African American soldiers--the 54th Massachusetts Infantry |
| How African Americans supported the Union Army | cooks, wagon drivers, hospital aides, spied for Union, worked slow/refused to work, damaged equipment on plantations |
| Causes of divisions over the war in the South | States' rights--regions without slaves were not as supportive about a war |
| Causes of division over the war in the North | Some thought the Emancipation Proclamation was wrong and felt the South had a right to secede -Some thought Lincoln and Republicans forced the South into a war |
| How people on both sides tried to hurt the war effort | -encouraged soldiers to desert -helped prisoners to escape -tried to keep people from volunteering |
| reasons why people said the draft made the war a "poor man's fight" | -South--owned at least 20 slaves then didn't have to serve -Could hire someone to go in your place -North--could pay $300 and didn't have to go |
| 2 ways Congress planned to pay for the war in the North | -started income tax -printed paper money for the first time |
| How the South did economically during the war | very little industry; shortages of everything inflation; food shortages |
| Role of Women in the Civil War | disguised themselves as soldiers; became spies; took over business, farms and plantations; factory work; government jobs; teachers; nurses |
| Clara Barton | Had the nickname of "Angel of the Battlefield" |
| poor leadership | why the war went badly for the North in the beginning |
| Gen. Burnside | The general Lincoln replaced Gen. McClellan with after the Battle of Antietam |
| Gen. Joseph Hooker | The Gen that later replaced Gen. Burnside |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | Union gen: Gen. Joseph Hooker "Fighting Joe" Confed gen: Robert E Lee Winner: Confederate Significance: Stonewall Jackson killed |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union gen: Gen George Meade Confed gen: Gen Robert E Lee Winner: Union Significance: 3 day battle, Pickett's Charge-southern defeat; part of turning point in the war; South no longer trying to attack Northern land |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Union gen: US Grant Winner: Union Significance: Grant started a siege on the town; Union gained control of the Miss River |
| turning points of the war | Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg |
| Lincoln | Gave the Gettysburg Address. Declared the battlefield as a cemetery because of the sacrifices of the men that had died there. Lincoln didn't think this was a very good speech or that he would be remembered for it. |
| Grant | Lincoln named this general as the commander of ALL Union forces |
| Grant--Union | The general that won the battles at both Richmond and Petersburg |
| Gen. Sherman | General that burned Atlanta and made a march of destruction to the sea |
| Lincoln | Winner of the 1864 Presidential election; Known as "the Great Emancipator" |
| Appomattox Court House | Place where the surrender took place Lee surrendered the war to Grant. |
| 2 main results of the war | Reunited the nation Ended slavery |
| Why the war slowly started to go in favor of the North | Had more soldiers, factories, and railroads |
| US Grant | Person who said, "The war is over. The rebels are our countryment again." |
| Peninsular Campaign | McClellan's strategic plan to capture Richmond. Was a complete failure |
| McClellan | Fired by Lincoln for being too cautious |
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