RAD 104 - Patient Protection
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TRISERVICE3 on April 17, 2012
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Beam Limiting Device (BLD) | It's purpose is to limit the size of the beam and area of exposure to patient, thereby reducing the harmful effects of scatter and to improve image contrast. |
| 1.) Aperture Diaphragm 2.) Cones and Cylinders 3.) Variable Aperature Collimator | What are the types of beam limiting devices? |
| Aperture Diaphragm | ___is the simplest type of all BLD's. |
| Head Units | Aperture diaphragm is commonly used at dedicated ___. |
| Fixed Opening | Disadvantage of aperture diaphragm is its ___? |
| Lead or a Lead Lined Plate | In the aperture diaphragm there is ___ placed directly below the window of the x-ray tube. |
| Opening | The ___ of the aperture diaphragm is designed to just cover less than the size of the image receptor used. |
| Unexposed Border | An ___ of the aperture diaphragm should be visible on each edge of the radiograph. |
| Cones and Cylinders | ___ are modifications of the diaphragm. |
| Circular | Usually the useful beam is in a ___ shape. |
| Dental | Cones and cylinders are widely used in ____ radiography. |
| Align | Cones and cylinders are difficult to ___. |
| Image Receptor | Cones and cylinders must be aligned with the ___. |
| Variable Aperture Collimator | ___ is the most common BLD. |
| Efficient | Variable Aperture Collimator is the most ___ BLD. |
| 2 | NCRP guideline: Variable Aperture Collimator must be accurate to within ___% of the source-to-image distance. |
| Positive Beam Limiting (PBL) Device | Most variable aperture collimator are automatically adjusted when a film is inserted in a bucky, called a ___. |
| Lead Filters | Positive Beam Limiting (PBL) Device are equipped with usually two or more ___ stacked one above the other. |
| Mirror and a Light Bulb | Positive Beam Limiting (PBL) Device uses a ___ as a guide for projection of the field know as a light localization apparatus. |
| Inherent Filtration | The filtration afforded by the glass envelope, insulating oil and glass window. |
| 0.5 mm aluminum | Inherent filtration is usually ___ equivalent. |
| Increases | With age, filtration ___. |
| Quality | As filtration increases, so does beam ___, but quantity is decreased. |
| Added Filtration | Sheets of aluminum placed between the protective tube housing and external housing. |
| Added | ___ Filtration attenuates more low energy than high energy x-rays. |
| 1.) High energy 2.) Greater penetrability 3.) Higher quality beam | Added filtration results in? |
| Quantity (lower) | Added filtration affects x-ray ___. |
| Total Filtration | Equals inherent filtration plus added filtration. |
| Optimum kVp | ___ equates to decreased skin dose. |
| Photoelectric Interaction | ___ is decreased with the tissue. |
| Exposure | Shorter ___ time results in decreased patient dose and reduces the chance of motion. |
| 10 | Grid is generally used on body parts greater than ___ cm. in thickness. |
| Patient Dose | Use of grid increases ___. |
| Ratio | Higher grid ___ results in higher patient dose. |
| Medium or High | ___ speed Film/Screen: 8-10 cm. body part thickness. |
| 10 | Grid: Greater than ___cm. body part thickness |
| 1.) Proper technique 2.) Proper positioning 3.) Appropriate marker 4.) Correct patient identification | Methods used to avoid repeated radiographs? |
| Fast | Use ___ film/screen combination. |
| 1.) Digestive organ motion 2.) Cardiac motion 3.) Muscle Spasms | Shorter exposure time is used for involuntary motion such as? |
| Quality Control Program | Proper processor maintenance, Proper equipment testing and maintenance. |
| Safe Period | Radiographic examinations should be performed only during the first 10 days following the onset of the menstrual period. |
| Added Plus Inherent Filtration | How do you calculate total filtration? |
| Slow | What film/screen combination must be used for parts lesser than 8 cm? |
| To reduce the radiation exposure to the reproductive organs. | What is the purpose of patient shielding? |
| An effective means of reducing the risks of genetic defects for the whole population. | What is the importance of patient shielding? |
| 1.) Flat contact 2.) Shadow shield 3.) Shaped contact shield | What are the types of shielding devices? |
| Flat Contact | Flat piece of plastic covered lead, Similar to lead apron. |
| Shadow Shield | ___ is attached to the x-ray tube. |
| Suspended | Shadow shield is ___ over the area being radiated. |
| Light Field | Align the shadow shield with the ___ for accurate placement to avoid areas of interest. |
| Shaped Contact Shield | ____ consist of a radiopaque material contoured to enclose the testicles. |
| Cleaned and Reused | Shaped contact shield can be ___. |
| Athletic Supporters or Jockey | Shaped contact shield is available in ___ style. |
| Reproductive | Patient shielding should be considered for all patients, especially children and those who are potentially ___. |
| 5 | Gonadal shielding should be used when the gonads lie in or within ___cm of a well-collimated field or the useful beam. |
| Positioning and Beam Collimation | Proper patient ____ should not be relaxed when gonad shields are in use. |
| Interfere | Patient shielding should only be used when it does not ___ with obtaining the required diagnostic information. |
| AP or PA | Flat contact: ___ views. |
| Sterile Field | Shadow shield: ___ or incapacitated patient. |
| 1.) AP or PA, 2.) Lateral 3.) Oblique | Shaped contact shield: ___ views, Selected fluoroscopic exam. |
| 1.) Pelvis 2.) Hip (Except oblique) 3.) Upper femur 4.) CXR 5.) Extremity | Shield males in what exams? |
| 1.) Retrograde urethrograms 2.) Voiding cystourethrograms 3.) Oblique views of the hip 4.) Visualization of the rectum 5.) Symphysis pubis | Shielding will interfere with what exams? |
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