| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Endosymbiosis | the idea that eukaryotic cells arose when a much larger prokaryotic cell engulfed smaller bacterial cells that began to live and reproduce inside the prokaryotic cell rather than being destroyed |
| Dr. Lynn Margulis | responsible for the early consideration of this theory |
| Flagella | Thicker (10x), More complex, Covered by cell membrane, Full of microtubules (9+2 structure) |
| Cilia | Much shorter and more numerous, Arranged in rows and beat in regular strokes (oar-like) |
| Glycocalyx | Capsule or slime layer |
| Glycocalyx Capsule or slime layer | Very similar to prokaryotic cells |
| Composed of polysaccharides | Glycocalyx Capsule or slime layer |
| Plays a role in protection, adherence, and reception of signals | Glycocalyx Capsule |
| Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane A typical bilayer of | phospholipids with proteins embedded. |
| Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane Functionally very similar to prokaryotes | selectively permeable to allow certain things in and certain things out |
| Biggest Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | The presence of individual membrane-bound organelles! |
| Examples Biggest Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, Chloroplasts |
| The Nucleus: The Control Center is Surrounded and separated from the cytoplasm by the | nuclear envelope |
| Nucleolus | very high RNA content and site for ribosomal RNA synthesis |
| Eukaryotic DNA is maintained in condensed | chromosomes (chromatin) that are bound to histone proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum is a | passageway in the Cell |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Appears "rough" because | of large numbers of ribosomes attached to surface |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Aids in | protein sysnthesis and to transport materials from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to the cell's exterior |
| Smouth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)has No | ribosomes |
| Smouth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Functions in | nutrient processing and synthesis (lipids) |
| Golgi Apparatus is a | Packaging Machine |
| Golgi Apparatus Site is where | proteins are modified and then sent to their final destination |
| Golgi Apparatus / Transitional vesicles are received from the | ER |
| Golgi Apparatus /Condensing vesicles are sent off to | either other organelles or to be secreted |
| Mitochondria | Energy Generators of the Cell...Power House |
| Mitochondria Contains | inner and outer membrane |
| Mitochondria Cristae | folds on the inner membrane, like fingers |
| Mitochondria Matrix | chemical fluid filling the cristae, holds ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes |
| Mitochondria Divide independently | contain circular DNA, have prokaryotic-sized 70S ribosomes |
| Chloroplasts | Photosynthesis Machines |
| Chloroplasts are Found in | plants and algae, can convert sunlight into energy |
| Chloroplasts Thylakoids | small disc like sacs, can be stacked to form a granum |
| Chloroplasts Stroma | the substance surrounding the thylakoids |
| The Cytoskeleton | A Support Network |
| The Cytoskeleton Microfilaments (actin filaments) | thin protein strands that attach to the cell membrane and form a network through the cytoplasm |
| The Cytoskeleton Functions to anchor organelles to | move RNA and vesicles, permits shape changes and movement |
Combine with other sets
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