19.2 World History
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Created by:
phbradberry on April 17, 2012
Subjects:
world history, history, freshman
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Enlightenment | Age of Reason |
| salons | Meetings help by women which was a meeting place of philosophers, artists, scientists, and writers to discuss their ideas |
| Thomas Hobbes | English thinker who wrote his views on government in his book: Levianthan. Said that people were naturally selfish and greedy. Believed that people should be able to give up some freedom for a strong gov |
| Social contract | Belief by Thomas hobbes; the exchange of a little bit of a person's freedom for a strong gov |
| John Locke | Believed people were naturally happy, tolerant, and reasonable. Argued that all people are born with the rights to life, liberty, and property. |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Believed that all people were basically born "GOOD". Believed social contract was between all members of society- "man is born free but everywhere is in chains". Believed gov should work for common good not just the few wealthy |
| Baron de Montesquieu | argued that the best form of gov was a separation of powers (dividing power among branches), Admired great britain's gov (with parliament, king/advisors, and courts). became to understand concept of checks and balances |
| Voltaire | philosophe who attacked injustice (with wit) where ever he saw it. He gained many enemies this way and was imprisoned twice and later exiled to england for 2 years |
| philosophe | one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment. (FRENCH PHILOSOPHER DURING ENLIGHTENMENT) |
| Denis Diderot | Compiled all known human knowledge into a single work: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. worked on Encyclopedia for 27 years (french leaders attack encyclopedia bc it criticized the church, gov, and legal system). |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer (woman) who rejected gender stereotypes (feminist). Demanded equal (=) rights and education for women. In book "Vindication of the Rights of Woman" argued that if men and women had equal education, they would be = in society |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist who used reason to analyze economic systems, his book: "The Wealth of Nations" argued that business activities should take place in a free market. Was a strong believer in laissez-faire economics. |
| Laissez-faire economics | hands off approach to government; the government should not interfere in the economy |
| Enlightened despots | the absolute monarchs who ruled according to the principles of Enlightenment |
| Frederick II | king of Prussia, strongly influenced by Voltaire, introduced a series of reforms: tried to establish a system of elementary education, abolished torture and supported religious tolerance, reduced censorship. his reforms were limited however |
| Catherine II | Ruler of Russia, read works/corresponded with Voltaire and Diderot. was inspired and set about reforming Russia. Did not want to give up her power and became a tyrant. |
| Joseph II | enlightened despot of Austria, when he became emperor he began reform program (eliminated torture/death penalty, provided food/medicine for poor, granted religious tolerance to jews and protestants, abolished serfdom). |
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