7 Written Questions

1. any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, either in natural or synthetic drug form. they influence or control many key processes in the body, such as carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the maintenance o serum glucose levels, electrolyte and water balance, and the functions of the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, kidneys, and other organs
2. a drug that reduces coughing, often by inhibiting neural activity in the cough center of the central nervous system
3. drugs that exert an action opposite to that o another drug or compete for the same receptor sites
4. Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system which use epinephrine or epinephrine-like substances as neurotransmitters
5. substances that, upon entering to the body, are capable of inducing specific immune responses and in turn reacting with the specific products of such responses, such as certain antibodies and specifically sensitized T lymphocytes. Antigens can be soluble (e.g., a foreign protein) or particulate or insoluble (e.g., a bacterial cell)
6. drugs that block the action of acetylcholine and similar substances at acetylcholine receptors, which results in inhibition of the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses
7. a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by a myxovirus and transmitted by airborne droplets

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. any infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, including the common cold, laryngitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis
   1. reflex stimulation
   2. upper respiratory tract infection (URI)
   3. adrenergics (sympathomimetics)
   4. echinacea (Echinacea)
2. an irritation of the respiratory tract occurring in response to an irritation of the gastrointestinal tract
   1. expectorants
   2. antitussive
   3. reflex stimulation
   4. decongestants
3. drugs that incrase the flow of fluid in the respiratory tract, usually by reducing the viscosity of bronchial and tracheal secretions, and facilitate their removal by coughing and ciliary action
   1. decongestants
   2. antigens
   3. antagonists
   4. expectorants
4. newer medications that work peripherally to block the actions of histamine and therefore do not have the central nervous system effects of many of the older anthihitamines; also called second-generation antihistamines and peripherally acting antihistamines
   1. antihistamines
   2. histamine antagonists
   3. antagonists
   4. nonsedating antihistamines
5. drugs that reduce congestion or swelling, especially of the upper respiratory tract
   1. decongestants
   2. antagonists
   3. expectorants
   4. antigens
6. Common uses- treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, nasal congestion, and numerous genitourinary, skin, ophthalmic, and otic conditions
   Advers effects- Gastrointestinal (GI) distress, emotional instability, mucosal ulceration
   Contraindications - acute or chronic GI disorders; pregnancy (has uterine stimulant properties); should be used with caution by those with cardiovascular disease
   1. adrenergics (sympathomimetics)
   2. nonsedating antihistamines
   3. echinacea (Echinacea)
   4. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

6 True/False Questions

1. empiric therapy → drugs that incrase the flow of fluid in the respiratory tract, usually by reducing the viscosity of bronchial and tracheal secretions, and facilitate their removal by coughing and ciliary action

   True        False

2. rhinovirus → substances that, upon entering to the body, are capable of inducing specific immune responses and in turn reacting with the specific products of such responses, such as certain antibodies and specifically sensitized T lymphocytes. Antigens can be soluble (e.g., a foreign protein) or particulate or insoluble (e.g., a bacterial cell)

   True        False

3. histamine antagonists → drugs that exert an action opposite to that o another drug or compete for the same receptor sites

   True        False

4. sympathomimetic drugs → any of about 100 serologically distinct ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause about 40% of acute respiratory illnesses

   True        False

5. echinacea (Echinacea) → a method of treating disease based on observations and experience without a knowledge of the precise cause of or mechanism responsible for the disorder or the way in which the therapeutic drug or procedure produces improvement or cure

   True        False

6. antihistamines → substances capable of reducing the physiologic and pharmacologic effects of histamine, including a wide variety of drugs that block histamine receptors

   True        False