Unit 4 Quest (HOJ)
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spencer24 Plus on April 17, 2012
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mobo/Moga | (Modern Boy/Modern Girl): Young Japanese rebel against traditional culture and adopt Western ways. Conservatives argued Western ideas weakened Japanese obedience. |
| Rice Riots of 1918 | A precipitous rise in the price of rice caused extreme economic hardship, particularly in rural areas where rice was the main staple of life. Farmers, when comparing the low prices they were receiving due to government regulation with the high market prices had tremendous hostility against rice merchants and government officials who had allowed the consumer price to spiral out of control. |
| Narikin | Of a title here means becoming richness or the people who became rich suddenly by external factors in Japanese. |
| Taisho Emperor (Yoshihito) | Was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 30 July 1912, until his death in 1926. Mentally and physically handicapped, had liberal government under him, political and economic sector merged together, and the Zaibatsu gained too much power under him. |
| Emperor Hirohito | (April 29, 1901 - January 7, 1989) was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Emperor of Japan during WWII. His people viewed him as a god. Emperor who forced the Japanese government to surrender, which ended World War II. |
| Twenty-One Demands | An ultimatum presented by Japan to China primarily requiring China to cease its leasing of territory to other foreign powers and to allow Japan to control Manchuria and Shandong; name for Japan's demands to the U.S., including its threat to close China to European and American trade. Were a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China on January 18, 1915, resulting in two treaties with Japan on May 25, 1915. |
| Paris Peace Conference after WWI | Was the meeting of the Allied victors following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities. They met, discussed various options and developed a series of treaties ("Paris Peace Treaties") for the post-war world. Japan proposed the inclusion of a "racial equality clause" in the Covenant of the League of Nations on 13 February as an amendment to Article 21, however, it was opposed. |
| Washington Naval Conference (5:5:3) | U.S. and Britain told Japan they could only build three battleships for every five that the U.S. and Britain built. |
| Great Kanto Earthquake | An earthquake in 1923 in japan that killed an estimated 140,000 people and left the city of tokyo in ruins. |
| Mukden Incident of 1931 | When a section of railroad owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway was bombed, the Imperial Japanese Army, accused Chinese dissidents of the act and responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year. While the responsibility for this act of sabotage remains a subject of controversy, the prevailing view is that Japanese militarists staged the explosion in order to provide a pretext for war. |
| Kwantung Army | Very conservative troops who had a 2 year plan to take over Manchuria. Blew up Japan railroads and blamed it on Manchuria so Japan would invade Manchuria. |
| Manchukuo | Military takeover of Manchuria by the Japanese. Was not supported by the civilian government, which fell apart in response. Condemned by the newly formed League of Nations. |
| 2/26/36 Incident | Attempted Coup D'Etat by militarists. Although it killed many officials and leaders it did not succeed. Was an attempted coup d'état in Japan, from February 26 to 29, 1936 carried out by 1,483 troops of the Imperial Japanese Army. Several leading politicians were killed and the center of Tokyo was briefly occupied by the rebelling troops. At that time, the incident was called the deplorable incident in the capital. |
| Kita Ikki | Publicist, convinced that parliamentary system had been corrupted by materialism and western values, "Asia for the Asians". |
| Kokutai no Hongi | A politically loaded word in the Japanese language, translatable as "national identity; national essence; national character" or "national polity; body politic; national entity; basis for the Emperor's sovereignty; Japanese constitution". |
| Nanjing Massacre | (1937) The murder and rape of as many as 300,000 Chinese men, women, and children by Japanese troops |
| Lytton Commission | Investigated the independence of Manchukuo, recommended that it remained a part of China. U.S. helped the investigation, which was authorized by the League of Nations, but the U.S. wasn't apart of the League of Nations. |
| Marco Polo Bridge Incident | Japanese were doing military practice, but forgot to tell the Chinese. Chinese hear gunfire and think they're being attacked, so they respond with gunfire. This leads to all-out war. A battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army, often used as the marker for the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). Lasted from 7 July to 9 July 1937. |
| Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere | Japan offered to liberate Southeast-Asian countries from western colonial rule but instead used them as conquered land for natural resources. |
| Tripartite Pact | Three-way Pact or Treaty which was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II. The pact was signed by representatives of Nazi Germany (Adolf Hitler), Fascist Italy (foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano), and Imperial Japan (Japanese ambassador to Germany Saburo Kurusu). |
| Axis Powers | In World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936. |
| Allies | In World War II, the alliance of Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations. |
| "Asia for the Asians" | One of the slogans of the ultranationalists that they felt if anybody will have colonies in Asia, it should be by the Japanese |
| Ultranationalists | Extreme nationalists; in Japan many of them were also known as militarists. |
| Militarists | Group of people who took over Japan, favored fascist type of government. |
| Attack on Pearl Harbor | Starting point of WW2 in Pacific which mostly between US and Japanese. A "date which will live in infamy" -- Dec. 7, 1941 -- 3,000 casualties & fleet destroyed, this led to the U.S. entry into the war. The plan was a three wave attack, but only two were ordered. If all occurred the U.S. might not have been able to enter the war. Admiral Yamamoto planned the attack, but a different general ordered the attack. |
| Firebombing | A bombing technique that destroys a target through the use of fire; instead of a large blast from bombs incendiary devices are used to cause damage. One of many techniques used during WW2 to cause mass murder and destruction. U.S. did this to 64 of the Japan's largest cities. (The other two cities had the atomic bomb dropped on them.) |
| Grave of the Fireflies | Directed by Isao Takahata in 1988, this film confronts the daily struggle of a boy and sister living on their own during the final days of WWII; Written by the novel of Akiyuki Nosaka in 1967 and well known for it's symbolism (Fireflies and Shinto belief) and themes of Japan (Traditional vs. modern approaches to society). |
| Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. (p. 797) |
| Enola Gay | Plane that carried the atomic bombs. |
| Japanese Internment Camps | The forcible relocation of approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans to housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps", in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. |
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