Chapter 11: Respiratory System III
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Created by:
kellenmontera on April 17, 2012
Subjects:
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
Classes:
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Buccal Pump | mechanism for air breathing fishes -there are 2 stroke and 4 stroke |
| Lungfish with gills | use dual pump |
| Lungfish with lungs | uses Buccal Pump |
| Gas bladders | embryonic outpocketing of the gut |
| Hydrostatic organs | maintains appropriate depth in a body of water; regulate body density |
| Gas bladders | Pneumatic duct connection retained or lost |
| Physostomous | in fish, a swim bladder with an air passage or duct to the esophagus |
| Physoclistous | swim bladder not connected to gut, rete mirabile take gas from blood to fill the swim bladder and it is deflated by the ovale |
| Physostomous | Gulp air at water surface |
| Physoclistous | Produce gas in body-gas gland |
| Buoyancy in sharks | -No swim bladder -Broad pectoral fins and hetercercal tail provide lift -Oil reduces density -Liver oil, in sharks ~25% of body weight |
| Amphibian/Reptile Lungs | Septa-tissues ridges that invaginate within lungs -Septa walls form compartments |
| Frog Lungs | buccal pumps to fill lungs |
| Frog steps in ventilatory Cycle | -Throat drops -GLottis opens and thorax is compressed -Elevation of throat, closure of nares, and expansion of thorax -Repeated pumping of throat |
| Lizard lungs | Paired lungs w faveoli; both are functional |
| Snake lungs | paired lungs (1 is atrophied and only 1 is functional) w faveoli |
| Snake lung regions | -Respiratory -Saccular |
| Crocidile lungs | -Paired lungs w/ faveoli; both are functional -Piston Pump--liver pushed into lungs and pulled away from lungs->diaphragmatic muscles |
| Turtle Lungs | -Paired lungs w/ faveoli; both are functional -"Posterior limiting membrane" and "forelimb bones" pulled on by muscles to ventilate lungs |
| Turtle Lungs | -Shells fused with ribs -Prevents expansion -Sheet of muscle to contract and relax to ventilate lungs -Limb movements in and out of shell aid in ventilation |
| Bird lungs | -Paired lungs -Several air sacs -Cylindrical tubes allow unidirectional flow of air through lungs |
| Bird lungs | -Unidirectional air flow through lungs -Crosscurrent flow of blood and air -Very high O2 uptake into blood |
| Mammal lungs | -Tidal ventilation; new mixes with old -Incomplete exchange- dead space -Alveoli--air sacs (mammals only) |
| Vocal cords | -Innervated by vagal nerve -Outer margins connected to muscle -Epithelium--2flaps |
| Gills | extract up to 80-90% of O2 in water |
| Mammals | extract only 25% of O2 in lung air |
| Protein Metabolis | -Nitrogenous waste-Ammonia NH3 -CO2 produced in aeronbic metabolism -Lacitc acid produced in anaerobic metabolisim. Disturbs pH buffered by CO2 elimination |
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