Reg Bio Chp 3 Sec 1
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic and inorganic compounds | all compounds can be classified in two broad catagories of |
| organic compounds | covalently bonded, made primarily of carbon atoms, makes up most matter in living organisms that is not water |
| inorganic compounds | do not contain carbon atoms |
| four | a carbon has ____ electrons in its outermost energy level |
| carbon | _______ also readily bonds with other carbon atom forming straight chains, branched chains or rings. |
| organic compounds | Carbon bonding to itself results in large variety of |
| single bond | when two (carbon) atoms share one pair of electrons |
| double bond | when (carbon) atoms share two pairs of electrons represented by two parallel lines |
| triple bond | when (carbon) atoms share three pairs of electrons represented by three parallel lines |
| functional groups | influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions molecules undergo. |
| hydrophilic | soluble in water |
| hydrophilic | polar molecules are |
| monomers | small, simple molecules in which many carbon compounds are built. |
| polymer | molecule that consists of repeated, linked units. formed by monomers bonding to one another. |
| macromolecules | large polymers. many types including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| condensation reaction | chemical reaction in which monomers link to form polymers |
| hydrolysis | chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances; a reaction between water and salt to create an acid or base. used to break down the polymer. it is the reverse of a condensation reaction. |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base; a sugar, and three phosphate groups. |
| hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate | four functional groups important to living things |
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