Chapter 11 'Genetics'
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genetics | Scientific study of heredity. |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| Dominant | an allele that is fully expressed |
| Recessive | an allele that is expressed when no other dominant allele is present. |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism. |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Codominance | both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of an organism. |
| Incomplete Dominance | One allele is not fully dominant over the other. |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
| Hybrid | Offspring is a cross between parents with different traits. |
| Independent Assortment | Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes. |
| Homologous Chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, same structure and pair during meiosis. |
| Meiosis | The number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
| Sex Chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (XX for females and XY for males) |
| Gene Therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
| Genetic Engineering | process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms |
| Cloning | making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism |
| Genomics | the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences) |
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