| Term | Definition |
|---|
| nucleic acids | they were discovered in the nuclei of cells, are huge organic molecules that contain c, h, o, n and phosphorus. |
| varieties of nucleic acids | deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, Ribonucleich acid (RNA) |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | forms the inherited genetic material inside each human cell. |
| gene | a segment of a dna molecule. determine traits we inherit, and by controlling protein synthesis they regulate most of the activities that take place in body cells throughout our lives. |
| Ribonucleich acid (RNA) | relays instructions from the genes to guide each cell's synthesis of proteins from aminoacids. |
| nucleotides | a nucleic acid is a chain of repeating monomers |
| parts nucleotides | nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group |
| nitrogenous bases | adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). |
| purines | adenine and guanine |
| pyrimidines | thymine and cytosine |
| pentose sugar | a deoxyribose attaches to each base in DNA |
| deoxyribose | a 5 carbon sugar |
| phosphate group | they alternate with pentose sugars to form the backbone of a DNA strand. |
| mutation | any change that occurs in the base sequence of a dna strand |
| RNA | is single stranded. contains ribose and pyrimidine base uracil instead of thymine. |
| ribose | sugar in rna |
| types of RNA | messenger rna, ribosomal rna, and transfer rna. |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | energy currency. |
| cellular activities driven by atp | muscular contractions, movement of chromosomes during cell division, movement of structures within the cell, transport of substances across the cell memb, and synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones. 3 phosphate groups attached to adenosine. |
| atpase | enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolisis of atp |
| adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | removal of 3rd phosphate substance |
| cellular respiration | energy neede to attach phosphate group to adp is supplied mainly by the catabolism of glucose. |
| phases of cellular respiration | anaerobic and aerobic |
| anaerobic phase | reactions that do not require o, glucose is broken down into a pyruvic acid. yields 2 molecules of atp. |
| aerobic phase | in the presence of oxygen, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water. these reactions generate 36 or 38 atp molecules. |
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