Biology - Viruses
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adolf Mayer | He performed the 1st scientific experiments on viruses. Infection = very small bacterium "infectious enzymes". Worked with tobacco mosaic virus |
| Dmitri Ivanovsky | He thought that the virus was too small - or its a toxin |
| Martinus Beijerink | He coined the term virus and discovered nitrogen fixation. Postulated "contagium vivum fluidum" contagious living fluid |
| Wendell Stanley | He crystallized viruses, which meant that they are NOT cells |
| Nucleic Acid | This is a part of a virus that either DNA or RNA is stored in. |
| capsid | this is a shell-like protein which surrounds the viral nucleic acids |
| envelope | this part of a virus is a lipid bilayer that is a cell membrane from the cell it infects |
| specificity | this means that viruses can only infect cells they recognize |
| rabies | this type of virus only affects mammals |
| host cell | this is required for a virus to reproduce |
| viroid | a small piece of RNA that is a virus |
| prion | a self replicating protein that is neurodegenerative |
| Lytic Cycle | 1. Virus attaches to the host cell membrane 2. Virus injects its own DNA 3. Viral DNA takes over and replicates DNA 4. Capsids and DNA assemble new virus 5. The host cell breaks releasing new viruses |
| active infection | this type of infection occurs immediately. Such illnesses can be the common cold, flu, rabies, and tobacco mosaic virus |
| Lysogenic Cycle | 1. Virus attaches to the host cell membrane 2. Virus injects its own DNA 3. Viral DNA forms a circle inside the host cell 4. The viral DNA attaches to the host cells DNA 5. The viral DNA becomes a part of the hosts' DNA 6. The host cell replicates by mitosis 7. VIral DNA pinches off the host cells DNA and forms a circle 8. This starts the lytic cycle and kills the cell |
| latent infection | this type of infection doesn't occur immediately. Some illnesses may be HIV, Herpes, HPV, and Shingles |
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