english2satp S.H.
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Created by:
riversidebulldogs on September 16, 2009
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 denotation | the literal or dictionary meaning of a word |
| connotation | the idea of feeling implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning |
| formal language | language usually used in speeches, reports, essays, and most other nonfiction writing |
| informal language | everyday language that may incluse slang or idioms |
| slang | very informal words or expressions, such as YAKKING,BADmeaning GOOD, AIN'T and YOU ROCK! |
| idioms | informal expressions or phrases that can't be taken literally, such as "head over heels in love," "fit as a fiddle," or "you hit the nail on the head." |
| diction | an author's choice of words and their use |
| author's purpose | a writer's reason for writing; can include reasons for using words |
| simile | a comparison of two things using LIKE or AS |
| metaphor | a direct comparison of two things |
| analogy | a comparison of two thngs that are similar in more than one way |
| context clues | words and phrases in a sentence or a paragraph that are understood and can be used to determine a word or phrase that is not understood |
| synonyms | words that have similar meanings, such as SMALL and LITTLE |
| antonyms | words that have the opposite meanigs, such as SMALL and LARGE |
| author's purpose | a writer's reason for writing |
| text structure | different ways for writers to present or organize information; for example using description, comparing or contrasting, using chronological order, giving cause and effect, etc. |
| imagery | the use of words that appeal to the senses to give the reader a mental picture |
| compare | to explain or describe similarities |
| contrast | to explain or describe differences |
| sequential(or chronological) order | gives events in the order that they occurred in time, first, second, third, and so on |
| processs(or procedural) order | gives the steps of a process in the order they should be performed |
| order of importance | organizes details, reasons, etc. in the order of their importance |
| spatial order | organizes the description of items according to thier position or closeness to each other |
| cause and effect | a relationship that explains how things makes something else happen |
| problem and solution | a relationship that shows how a conflict or issue (the problem) is answered (the solution) |
| description | using details or imagery |
| fact | a statement that can be proven or verified as being true |
| opinion | a statement based on feelings or beliefs |
| advertising | the use of a media soruce (television, newspaper, magazine, radio, billboard) to promote something |
| tv commentary | an article that expresses the opinions of the writer |
| letter to the editor | a letter form a reader that is sent to a newspaper or magazine editor to express the opinions of that reader |
| nonfiction | writing that is about real events or facts |
| political speech | a speech made by someone who holds or wishes to hold a political office and meant to persuade listeners |
| essay | nonfiction writing o a specific topic for a specific purpose |
| literary nonfiction | a true-life story |
| persuade | to cause someone to believe or to do something |
| inference | the use of reasoning to draw a conclusion based on evidence |
| complete sentence | is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a verb |
| declarative sentence | makes a statement and ends with a period |
| interrogative sentence | asks a question and ends with a question mard |
| exclamatory sentence | makes a strong statement and ends with an exclamation point |
| inperative sentence | makes a request or gives a command |
| fragment | is a part of sentence or a mistake in writing |
| conjunction | joins words or groups of words |
| coordinate conjunction | join equal words, phrases, or sentences |
| clause | a group of words with a subject and a verb |
| simple sentence | one main clause |
| compound sentence | two or more main clauses, or complete thoughts |
| complex sentence | has a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses |
| adverb clause | another type of subordinate clause in a complex sentence |
| complete sentence | group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a verbb |
| declarative sentence | makes a statement and ends with a period |
| interrogative sentence | asks a question and ends with a question mark |
| literary element | characteristics of texts often seen in fictional and nonfictional stories and poetry, but they can also be seen in other types of nonfiction; examples of elements include setting, characterization, mood, theme, etc. |
| diction | an author's choice of words |
| figurative language | language that is not meant to be understood literary and includes the use of simile, metaphor, analogy, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, idiom, symbolism, irony, and paradox |
| setting | the time and place of a story; includes its surroundings and environment |
| mood | the feeling created n the reader |
| tone | the writer's attitude towards the subject |
| atmosphere | the feeling created by mood, tone, and setting |
| summary | a shorter version of a text that gives only the main points |
| precis | another word for a summary that has certain specific characteristics |
| idiom | an expression, such as "it's raining cats and dogs," that cannot be understood from the definitions of the individual words ( cannot be iterpreted literally) |
| expication | a type of explanation that interprets or clarifies a text |
| electronic text | literature, poetry, dictionaries, encyclopedia, biographies, etc. that are in an electronic (computerized) format instead of written on paper |
| abstract | a very brief summary of a much longer text |
| paraphrase | to reword text in your own words |
| plagiarism | using someone else's ideas or copying someone else's exact words and claiming them as your own in a report, research paper, etc. |
| synthesize | to put together information from more than one source |
| sequential( or chronological) order | gives the steps of a process in the order they should be performed |
| order of importance | organizes details, reasons, etc. in the order of their importance |
| spatial order | organizes the desription of items according to their position or closeness to each other |
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