Psychology AP Chapter 8
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Created by:
laurenleistman on April 18, 2012
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Intelligence and Mental Abilities
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Intelligence Tests | tests designed to measure a person's general mental abilities |
| Intelligence | a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning and adaptive behavior |
| Triarchic Theory of Intelligence | Sternberg's theory that intelligence involves mental skills (componential aspect), insight and creative adaptability (experiential aspect), and environmental responsiveness (contextual aspect) |
| Componential Intelligence | according to Sternberg, the ability to acquire new knowledge, to solve problems effectively |
| Experiential Intelligence | Sternberg's term for the ability to adapt creatively in new situations, to use insight |
| Contextual Intelligence | according to Sternberg, the ability to select contexts in which you can excel, to shape the environment to fit your strengths |
| Theory of Multiple Intelligence | Howard Gardner's theory that there is not one intelligence, but rather many intelligences, each of which is relatively independent of the others |
| Binet-Simon Scale | the first test of intelligence, developed for testing children |
| Intelligence Quotient | (IQ) a numerical value given to intelligence that is determined from the scores on an intelligence test; based on a score of 100 for average intelligence |
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale | Terman's adaptation of the Binet-Simon Scale |
| Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition | (WAIS-III) an individual intelligence test developed especially for adults; measures both verbal and performance abilities |
| Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition | (WISC-III) an individual intelligence test developed especially for school-aged children; measures verbal and performance abilities and also yields an overall IQ score |
| Group Tests | written intelligence tests administered by one examiner to many people at once |
| Performance Tests | intelligence tests that minimize the use of language |
| Culture-Fair Tests | intelligence tests designed to eliminate cultural bias by minimizing skills and values that vary from one culture to another |
| Reliability | ability of a test to produce consistent and stable scores |
| Split-half Reliability | a method of determining test reliability by dividing the test into two parts and checking the agreement of scores on both parts |
| Correlation Coefficients | statistical measures of the degree of association between two variables |
| Validity | ability of a test to measure what it has been designed to measure |
| Content Validity | refers to a test's having an adequate sample of questions measuring the skills or knowledge it is supposed to measure |
| Criterion-related Validity | validity of a test as measured by a comparison of the test score and independent measures of what the test is designed to measure |
| Tacit Knowledge | knowledge one needs for success in completing particular practical tasks; the knowledge may not be explicit |
| Mental Retardation | condition of significantly subaverage intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior |
| Giftedness | refers to superior IQ combined with demonstrated or potential ability in such areas as academic aptitude, creativity, and leadership |
| Creativity | the ability to produce novel and socially valued ideas or objects |
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