Chapter 52 Intro to Ecology
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biogeography | global and regional patterns of distribution, past and present |
| species dispersal | potential vs actual range (competition, habitat preferences, can test by tranplant experiments); introduced species |
| Biotic factors affect distribution... | predation; disease, parasitism, competition, lack of pollinators for plants, can test by adding or removing a species |
| Abiotic factors can affect distribution.. | temp, water (salinity and pH), sunlight |
| where are the deserts of the world generally located? | 30 degrees above and below equator |
| What happens at 60 degrees north and sourth? | air masses rise again, cool, and release precipitation, but not as much as at the equator, so colder |
| Wind patterns are due to.... | the rotation of the planet; air at equator moves faster than at poles; winds are named by the direction from which they come |
| tropids have ____ trade winds; temperate zones have _____ trade winds | easterly; westerly |
| what is the north/south slope difference? | north has cooler, moister climate, trees,; south is warmer and drier;shrubs and grass; on north side will see vegetation that you would see higher on a south-facing slope (THIS IS ALL FOR NORTHERN HEMISPHERE) |
| temp decreases ___ degrees F for every 1000 feet you go up; going up 1000 feet is like going north about ______ miles | 185 |
| rain shadow | on windward side, clouds approach, bringing moisture; as the air rises, it cools; cool air cannot hold as much moisture, so moisture comes out of the clouds as rain/snow; on leeward side, air has lost most of moisture, as it descends down the mount on the other side, it warms up; warm air can hold more moisture so it absorbs moisture from air and land (equal desert) |
| microclimate | a very gind scale pattern of climate; ie shade of tree, rock blocks wind, fallen logs provides shelter |
| mediterranean climate | 5 places (Calif, Chile, mediterranean sea, south africa, parts of Australia); mild winter and springs, dry warm summer; little or no rainfall for 4-6 months; plants have small thick waxy stiff leaves; vertically oriented leaves, curled leaves, hairs, lighter color, allelopathic compounds prevent other plants from growing nearby and competing for soil water; |
| Long term climate change... | aka global warming; tree ranges have moved northward since the end of the last glaciers |
| biome | major zone characterized by vegetation type in terrestrial biomes and by the physical environment in aquatic biomes |
| ecotone | where 2 biomes meet; can be a gradual change or abrupt |
| What are the vertical layers of some terrestrial habitats? | canopy, lower trees, shurbs/understory, ground plants, forest floor/litter |
| the same biome in different parts of the world may have completely unrelated plants and animals due to... | convergent evolution |
| What are the 8 terrestrial biomes? | tropical forest, desert, savanna, chaparral, temperate grassland, coniferous forest, temperate broadleaf (deciduous), tundra |
| themocline | narrow layer of abrupt T change that serparates the upper warm water from the lower cold water |
| Marine has ____% salinity; freshwater has ______%; brakish is ____ | 3; 1; in between |
| turnover in aquatic environments | twice annual occurence in many temperate lakes; bring oxygen rich water from the surface to the bottom and nutrient rich water from the bottom to the top; increases the productivity of the ecosystem |
| ogliotrophic biome... | freshwater, clear, low productivity, low nutrients, many fish, invertebrates, little phytoplankton or plants; little pollution |
| eutrophic biome... | freshwater, murky, high productivity, high nutrients, many phytoplankton, few others, high nutrient input |
| wetlands biome... | fresh or salt; very high productivity, high nutrients, invetebrates, birds, plants, marshes/swamps |
| estuaries biome... | fresh and salt; very high productivity, high nutrients, grasses, phytoplankton, fish, invertebrates, birds, plants, river meets a sea |
| intertidal biome... | salt; moderate productivity, high nutrients; invertebrates; plants, mollusks, harsh changing conditions |
| coral reef biome... | salt; low productivity; good nutrients; coral; easily destroyed |
| pelagic biome... | salt; low productivity and nutrients; phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish; susceptible to overfishing |
| benthos biome... | salt; high productivity in shallow areas, variable nutrients; bottom of ocean |
| tropical rainforest... | 200-400cm; warm/hot; poor soil; very high diversity; high productivity; dense trees; epiphytes; very stratified |
| tropical deciduous forest.. | dry; 150 - 200 cm; mild temp; rich soil; moderate diversity; moderate productivity; deciduous trees; wet and dry seasons |
| savanna... | 30 - 50 cm; mild temp; clay soil; moderate diversity and productivity; wet and dry season |
| desert... | less than 30 cm; hot/cold; poor/sandy/rocky soil; moderate diversity; very low productivity; CAM; rodernt; ectotherms |
| chaparral.. | 30 - 50 cm; mild; moderate soil; moderate diversity; low productivity; |
| temperate grassland | 30 - 100 cm, summer hot; rich coil; moderate diversity; low productivity |
| temperate deciduous forest | 70 - 200 cm; cold/warm; rich soil; rich diversity; moderate productivity |
| coniferous forest.. | over 300 cm; mild/cool temp; rocky/acidic soil; low diversity; temperate rainforest |
| taiga (boreal forest/ upper russia) | 12 inches rain; cold/mild; poor acidic soil; moderate diversity and productivity; cold dry winter; mild humid summer |
| tundra... | 9 inches; more in alpine; mild and very cold temp; poor soil; low diversity; very low productivity; no trees; small shrubs; permafrost |
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