Mrs. Cleveland - Ch 22 and 24 Vocabulary - 4-19-12
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Horizonboy on April 18, 2012
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sporophyte | diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism |
| Gametophyte | haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism |
| Bryophyte | nonvascular plant; examples are mosses and their relatives |
| Rhizoid | in mosses, a long, thin cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the surrounding soil |
| Gemma | small cup-shaped structure in liverworts that contains many haploid cells, used for asexual reproduction |
| Protonema | mass of tangled green filaments in mosses that forms during germination |
| Antheridium | male reproductive structure in some algae and plants |
| Archegonium | female reproductive structure in some plants, including mosses and liverworts |
| Vascular tissue | type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant |
| tracheid | hollow plant cell in xylem tissue with thick cell walls that resist pressure |
| xylem | vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant |
| phloem | vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis |
| lignin | substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid |
| root | underground organ in plants that absorbs water and minerals |
| leaf | photosynthetic organ that contains one or more bundles of vascular tissue |
| vein | in plants, a cluster of vascular tissue in leaves |
| stem | supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them |
| rhizome | creeping or underground stem in ferns |
| frond | large leaf of a fern |
| sporangium | structure in ferns and some fungi that contains spores |
| sorus | cluster of sporangia on the underside of fern frond |
| gymnosperm | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones |
| angiosperm | flowering plant; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed |
| cone | in gymnosperms, a seed-bearing structure |
| flower | seed-bearing structure of an angiosperm |
| pollen grain | male gametophyte in seed plants |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure |
| seed | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply |
| embryo | organism in its early stage of development |
| seed coat | structure that surrounds and protects a plant embryo and keeps it from drying out |
| fruit | wall of tissue surrounding an angiosperm seed |
| monocot | angiosperm whose seeds have one cotyledon |
| dicot | angiosperm whose seeds have two cotyledons |
| cotyledon | first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant |
| annual | flowering plant that completes a life cycle within one growing season |
| biennial | flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years |
| perennial | flowering plant that lives for more than two years |
| pollen cone | cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains |
| seed cone | cone that produces female gametophytes |
| ovule | structure in seed cones in which female gametophytes develop |
| pollen tube | structure grown by a pollen grain; contains two haploid sperm nuclei |
| sepal | outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing |
| petal | brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower |
| stamen | male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament |
| filament | in algae, a long threadlike colony formed by many green algae; in plants, a long, thin structure that supports an anther |
| anther | flower structure in which haploid male gametophytes are produced |
| carpel | innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes |
| ovary | in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced |
| style | narrow stalk of the carpel in a flower |
| stigma | sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land |
| embryo sac | female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant |
| endosperm | food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows |
| double fertilization | fertilization in angiosperms, in which two distinct fertilization events take place between the male and female gametophytes |
| dormancy | period of time during which a plant embryo is alive but not growing |
| germination | early growth stage of a plant embryo |
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