The Language of Medicine Chapter 18 endocrine system/diseases,disorders
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hyperthyroidism | overactivity of the thyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis |
| hypothyroidism | underactivity of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid carcinoma | cancer of the thyroid gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | excessive production of parathormone |
| hypoparathyroidism | deficient production of parathyroid hormone |
| adrenal virilism | excessive secretion of adrenal androgens |
| cushing syndrome | Group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex |
| Addison Disease | hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex |
| pheochromocytoma | is a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine |
| hyperinsulinism | excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia |
| diabetes mellitus | lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells |
| Type 1 diabetes | an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells |
| Type 2 diabetes | progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin |
| acromegaly | hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities |
| gigantism | hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues |
| dwarfism | congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| panhypopituitarism | deficiency of all pituitary hormones |
| syndrome of inappropriate ADH | Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
| diabetes insipidus | Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
| fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | also known as fasting blood sugar test. Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hrs |
| serum and urine tests | measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function |
| thyroid function tests | measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream |
| exophthalmometry | measurement of eyeball protrusion (as in Graves disease) with an exophthalmometer |
| computed tomography (CT) scan | x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | magnetic waves produce images of hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities. |
| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) scan | radioactive iodine is administered orally, and its uptake by the thyroid gland is imaged to assess thyroid function |
| thyroid scan | After injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland |
| ultrasound examination | sound waves show images of endocrine organs |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | ACTH |
| antidiuretic hormone | ADH |
| fasting blood sugar | FBS |
| follicle stimulating hormone | FSH |
| growth hormone | GH |
| test for the presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin; a high level indicates poor glucose control in diabetic control | HbA, HbA1c |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus- type 1 | IDDM |
| luteinizing hormone | LH |
| non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus- type 2 diabetes | NIDDM |
| radioimmunoassay - measures hormone levels in plasma | RIA |
| triiodothyronine | T3 |
| thyroxine-tetraiodothyronine | T4 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone | THS |
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