FINAL-intro to ecology
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Created by:
sarahkate123 on April 18, 2012
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87 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment | ecology |
| what do the interactions in ecology determine | the distribution of organisms and their abundance |
| type of ecology that studies how an organisms structure, physiology, and behavior meet environmental challenges | organismal ecology |
| group of individuals of the same species living in an area | population |
| type of ecology that focuses on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area | population ecology |
| a group of populations of different species in an area | community |
| type of ecology that deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community | community ecology |
| the community of organisms in a area and the physical factors with they interact | ecosystem |
| type of ecology that emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components | ecosystem ecology |
| a mosaic of connected ecosystems | landscape |
| deals with an array of ecosystems and how they are arranged in a geographic region | landscape ecology |
| the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planet's ecosystems | biosphere |
| examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere | global ecology |
| What does ecology integrate? | all areas of biological research and informs environmental |
| Ecology provides the ____ understanding that underlies ___ issues | scientific environmental |
| ecologist make a distinction between what? | science advocacy |
| who is credited with starting the modern environmental movement with the publication of Silent Spring in 1962 | Rachel Carson |
| interactions between what limit the distribution of species | organisms environment |
| 2 factorss that determine distribution | biotic abiotic |
| movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or from their area of origin | dispersal |
| dispersal contributes to | global distribution of organisms |
| what doe species transplants include | organisms that are intentionally or accidentally relocated from their original distribution |
| species transplants can disrupt the | communities or ecosystems |
| some organisms do not occupy all of their | potential range |
| species distribution may be limited by | habitat selection behavior |
| 3 biotic factors that affect the distribution of organisms may include | interactions with other species predation competition |
| abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms | temperature water sunlight wind rocks and soil |
| temperature is an important factor in distribution of organisms because of its effects on | biological process |
| cells may freeze and rupture below | 0 degrees c |
| proteins denature above | 45 degrees c |
| ways mammals and birds expend energy to regulate internal temperature | panting sweating |
| desert organism exhibit adaptations for | water conservation |
| salt concentrations affects water balance of organisms through | osmosis |
| light intensity and quality affect | photosynthesis |
| why in aquatic environment does photosynthesis occur near the surface | water absorbs light |
| what characteristics of soil limit distribution | physical structure pH mineral composition |
| four major components of climate | temperature water sunlight wind |
| long-term prevailing conditions in an area | climate |
| consists of patterns on the global, regional, and local level | macroclimate |
| conisists of very fine patterns, such as those encountered by the community or organism underneath a fallen log | microclimate |
| global climate patterns are determined largely by | solar energy planet's movement in space |
| more heat and light per unit of surface area reach the | tropics |
| longest day | june solstice |
| longest night | december solstice |
| seasonal variations of light and temperature increase steadily toward | the poles |
| the angle of the sun leads to | seasonal changes |
| lakes experience seasonal | turnovers |
| global air circulation and precipitation patterns play major roles in determining | climate patterns |
| warm air | rises |
| cooling trade winds blow from ___ to ___ in the tropics | east to west |
| prevailing westerlies blow from ___ to ___ to the temperate zones | west to east |
| where does the gulf stream carry its water | from the equator to the North Atlantic |
| mountains have a significant effect on | amount of sunlight reaching an area local temp rainfall |
| rain shadow | rising air releases moisture on the windward side of a peak and creates a rain shadow as it absorbs moisture on the leeward side |
| microclimate is determined by | fine-scale differences in the environment that affect light and wind patterns |
| Global climate change will greatly affect the | biosphere |
| the structure and distribution of terrestrial biomes are controlled by | climate and disturbances |
| biome patterns can be modified by | disturbances |
| example of biome disturbances | storm fire human activity |
| climograph | plot of the temperature and precipitation in a region that show the impact climate has on the distribution of organisms |
| biomes are affected not just by average temperature and precipitation but also by | pattern of temperature and precipitation through the year |
| the area in the climograph that is intergradated is called | ecotone |
| vertical layering | layers in biomes from low lying to high trees and all in between |
| what biome is vertical layering most important | terrestrrial biomes |
| rain forests have lotss of | vertical layering |
| layering of vegetation in all biomes provides | diverse habitats for animals |
| terrestrial biomes can be characterized by | distribution precipitation temperature plants animals |
| in tropical rain forests rainfall is relatively | constant |
| in tropical dry forests rainfall is highly | seasonal |
| in tropical forests competition for what is intense | light |
| Desert characteristics | preciptation is low and highly variable may be hot or cold |
| common desert animals | snames and lizards scorpions ants beetles migratory and resident birds seed eating rodents |
| savanna characteristics | preciptation and temperature are seasonal grasses and forbs make up most of the ground cover |
| common savanna animals | wildebeestss zebras lions hyenas |
| chaparral characteristics | climate is highly seasonal cool rainy winterss hot dry summerss dominated by shrubs, sm trees, and herbs |
| many plants of the chaparral are adapted to what | fire and drought |
| where in america can you find a chaparral? | northern cali |
| temperate grassland characteristics | winters are cold and dry summers are wet and hot grasses and forbs are dominant |
| the northern coniferous forest is also called | taiga |
| the largest terrestrial biome | northern coniferous forest |
| taiga characteristics | winters are cold and long summers may be hot |
| the conical shape of conifers preventss | too much snow from accumulating and breaking their branches |
| characteristics of temperate broadleaf forests | winters cool summers hot and humid significant precipitation falls year round as rain and snow |
| where can you find temperate broadleaf forests | here! |
| In the northern hemisphere temperate broadleaf forests many mammals | hibernate in the winter |
| characteristics of tundra | coverss the arctic and high mountaintops winters long and cold summers relatively cool precipitation varies permafrost vegetation is herbaceous |
| permafrost | permanently frozen layer of soil, prevents water infiltration |
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