1.
2: numbers of pairs of cranial nerves that originate from forebrain
2.
5 components of reflex: 1.receptors at site of stimulus
2.sensory neuron to transmit message
3.integration center in CNS to analyze
4. Motor neuron
5.Effector-respond to the signal
3.
10: numbers of pairs of cranial nerves that originate from brainstem
4.
31 pairs.
8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves. 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves. 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves. 5 of saccral. 1 of cocygeal.: numbers of pairs of spinal nerves
5.
afferent cell bodies of sensory neurons: dorsal root
6.
autonomic reflexes: activate smooth muscle
7.
axillary nerve: innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
8.
axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve: nerves of brachial plexus
9.
cervical plexus: found in neck near sternocleidomastoid muscle.
most important nerve is phrenic nerve (C3-C4) innervate diaphragm.
also serves skin of neck, ears, and shoulders
10.
cervical, brachial, lumbar, saccral: plexuses are found in these area (only ventral rami)
11.
common peroneal nerve: goes to knee joint, calf, and to leg extensors
12.
crossed extensor relex: one side do something and the other side do the same.
13.
deep tendon: stimulat ...to relax the quadriceps muscle
14.
dorasl rami: what rami supply posterior body trunk and nervate successive strips of muscle
15.
efferent cell bodies of sensory neurons: ventral root
16.
femoral nerve: largest of lumbar plexus, goes to thigh muscle
17.
flexor or withdrawal reflex: painful stimulus causes rapid withdrawal
18.
hiccup: irritaion of phrenic nerve results in
19.
knee jerk reflex: rap on patellar tendon stretches quadriceps muscle
20.
lumbar plexus: arises from lumbar nerves, innervates abdominal wall muscles and the thigh
21.
lumbosacral plexus: Lumba plexus and sacral plexus
22.
median nerve: descends through arm to anterior forearm-flexes fingers and wrist
23.
muscle spindle: stimulate what to contract the quadriceps muscle
24.
musculocutaneous nerve: goes to anterior arm- flexes forearm
25.
olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear: cranial nerves that are purely sensory
26.
pudendal nerve: mediates erection and urination
27.
radial nerve: largest branch of brachial plexus, feeds EXTENSOR MUSCLES of upper arms, supinates forearm, and extends to wrist and fingers
28.
sacral plexus: goes to buttocks, legs and pelvis
29.
Schwann cells: cells that act as macrophage that proliferate and move to damaged area of axon
30.
Sciatic nerve: in sacral plexus, is longest and thickest in the body-goes from pelvis to gluteus maximus and then to hamstrings=> branches to tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, pudendal nerve
31.
Sensory receptors classified by complexity: 1. Simple receptor-most are simple-basically dendrite ending of sensory neurons (are either free dendritic endings or are encapsulated.)
2. Complex receptors- actually sensory organs
32.
Sensory receptors classified by location: 1.interoceptors- receive stimuli from inside the body- chemical changes temperature
2.exteroceptors- receive stimuli from outside the body
3.proprioceptors-respond to internal stimuli, but only from muscles, tendons, and joints
33.
Sensory receptors classified by Stimulus: 1. Mechanoreceptors- respond to touch, pressure, stretch (external)
2. Thermoreceptors (in/ex)
3. Photoreceptors (ex)
4. Chemoreceptors (in)
5. Nociceptors- respond to damaging stimuli that result in pain
34.
Sensory receptors, peripheral nerves and ganglia, and motor nerve endings: PNS
35.
somatic reflexes: activate skeletal muscle
36.
spinal reflexes: somatic reflexes that are mediated by spinal cord-do not require brain but brain can advise
37.
stretch reflexes (tendon reflexes): muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs monitor stretch- cause contraction of muscle or relaxation of muscle
38.
tibial nerve: going to posterior calf and sole of foot
39.
ulnar nerve: funny bone-feeds FLEXOR MUSCLES in forearm, innervates fingers and palm
40.
ventral rami: what rami supply limbs and rest of trunk
41.
ventral rami (except thoracic region): what rami form plexuses network
42.
ventral rami of T1-T12: what rami form the intercostal nerves of the ribs and supply the intercostal muscles
43.
Wallerian disintegration: Axon distal to injury begins to deteriorate because there are no nutrients
