Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

cardiovascular _______________ system; made up of heart, blood vessels, and blood; called circulatory system, too arteries carry blood away from heart veins carry blood to heart capillaries microscopic vessels which link the arteries and veins plasma amounts up to 55% of total blood volume; 90% water; main purpose is to carry important materials like glucose, fats, and hormones; liquid matrix of blood tissue albumin most plentiful blood protein; manufactured in liver; helps regulate amount of water in blood globulins made in liver and lymph tissue; broad category of blood proteins that help to transport fats throughout the body and help fight infections fibrinogen blood protein made in liver; helps in clotting of blood shock circulatory _______; when one loses too much blood or plasma and body's blood pressure falls to a critical low; characterized by fall in body temperature, clammy skin, extreme weakness, and mental confusion or unconsciousness erythrocyte name for red blood cell; master of design for doing its job of carrying oxygen; makes up 44.55% of blood; cytoplasm contains hemoglobin hemoglobin special iron-containing blood protein in red blood cells; binds easily to oxygen; give blood red color; four heme groups and iron atoms per molecule anemia disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells sickle _______-cell anemia; genetic disease caused by genetic defect in hemoglobin molecules; causes them to clump together into elongated crystals under certain conditions; crystals puncture membrane bone ____ marrow; where blood cells are produced stem _____ cells; can produce any of the different types of blood cells spleen stores extra red blood cells until needed; hand-sizeed organ in abdominal cavity; behind stomach; destroys old, worn-out red blood cells like liver leukocytes name for white blood cells; make up 0.45% of blood with platelets; functions as immune system; kills viruses and bacteria while paroling around leukemia form of cancer; when white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers platelets tiny, disk-shaped cell fragments produced in bone marrow; repairs leaks; makes up .45% of blood with leukocytes; important in clotting clotting seals break in skin scab blood clot on the surface of the skin hemophilia inherited disease; results in inability to form blood clots antigens tags that leukocytes read to determine if the immune system needs to be triggered donor universal __________; type O blood recipient universal __________; type AB blood Rh __ factor; identification tag that reads either positive or negative; named for monkey respiratory _________ system; supply body with oxygen and rid it of excess carbon dioxide lungs two large, spongy organs located inside the thoracic cavity on opposite sides of your heart external ________ respiration; process of breathing (inhaling and exhaling air) and gas exchange internal _________ respiration; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells cellular __________ respiration; respiration within the mitochondria in the cell itself meatuses nasal _______; irregularly shaped pockets or air spaces in the nasal cavity; where air is warmed, moistened, and filtered glottis opening of the trachea epiglottis flap of tissue covering the opening of the trachea larynx "voice box"; where speech originates; delicately designed organ; special enlargement of the trachea; "Adam's Apple" vocal ______ cords; two folds of elastic tissue inside the boxlike larynx bronchi two branches the trachea divides into when it enters the thoracic cavity bronchus name for each branch of the trachea bronchial __________ tubes; many branches the bronchus divides into bronchioles the smaller tubes formed off of bronchial tubes alveoli small saclike structures ending the smallest bronchioles; numerous, microscopic, thin-walled structures which make up the tissue of the lungs, each surrounded by a network of capillaries diffusion the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration bronchitis inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, irritated by infection or by smoking pneumonia result of severe bronchitis; bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs which causes the lungs to secrete large quantities of fluid asthma bronchial ________; allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles, which cause the tubes to suddenly constrict, making breathing difficult pleural _______ membrane; double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage, providing lubrication to prevent friction between the ribs and the delicate surface of the lungs pleurisy painful condition caused by inflamed pleura diaphragm movable floor; thick sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity laryngeal __________ muscles; act together to move the vocal cords in an open-closed movement intercostal ___________ muscles; muscles in between the ribs; contract and lift ribs and breastbone up and outward to assist in inhalation (and exhalation) inhalation process of air rushing in the lungs to equalize the pressure from the larger chest cavity and reduced pressure caused by the diaphragm contracting and the ribs and breastbone lifting (due to intercostal muscles) exhalation process of air rushing from the lungs to equalize pressure caused by the diaphragm and chest muscles relaxing and reducing in size medulla ___________ oblongata; region of brain that controls breathing vital _______ capacity; inhaling and exhaling as much air as you possibly can tidal __________ volume; inhaling and exhaling the normal amount cold common ______; most common respiratory disease; must wait for a cure influenza "the flu"; variety of severity tuberculosis caused by slow-growing bacterium in the lungs; reproduce inside white blood cells emphysema progressive deterioration of the alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes; result from genetic causes, chronic bronchitis, and continuous exposure to smoke or other irritants Cystic ________ Fibrosis; hereditary; hinders the lung's defenses against bacterial infection causing them to fill with a thick, gummy mucus lung ______ cancer; most devastating respiratory disease; uncontrolled growth of abnormal lung cells; crowd out normal cells, deprive them of nutrients and oxygen, and cause their death Harvey first to describe the circulation of blood accurately pericardium tough white sac that encases the heart; helps support and protect the heart chambers four hollow spaces in the heart atria inflates the thick-walled ventricles with blood ventricles force blood out of the heart and through the body's system of blood vessels septum thick vertical wall that divides the left atrium and ventricle from the right atrium and ventricle myocardium most important layer of the chambers; contains muscles of the heart endocardium interior lining; smooth coating for heart's interior epicardium outside of heart; slippery tissue; allows heart to move easily within the pericardial sac as it beats valves four; prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction A-V _-_ valves; bicuspid and tricuspid; allow blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle bicuspid ___________ valve; connects left atrium and left ventricle tricuspid __________ valve; connects right atrium and right ventricle semilunar valves all 3 cusps shaped like crescent moon aortic semilunar valve allows blood to exit the right ventricle and enter the aorta (carries blood to body tissues) pulmonary semilunar valve allows blood to exit right ventricle and enter pulmonary arteries (carries blood to lungs to absorb oxygen) venae cavae body's largest veins superior vena cava returns blood from upper part of the body inferior vena cana returns blood from the lower part of the body pulmonary artery transports blood from heart to lungs pulmonary veins two for each lung; how oxygenated blood travels back to the heart from the lof cardiac muscle celsungs aorta body's largest artery coronary arteries how blood enters the network of cardiac muscle cells cardiac veins how blood leaves the muscle tissues; collect the blood from tissues of the heart and catty it to a larger vein called the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium heart attack when a clot blocks a major branch of a coronary artery that doesn't have a junction and the blood supply is blocked ventricular fibrillation when heart ceases to beat and twitches randomly instead systole contracting and pumping phase of heart action diastole relaxing and filling phase of heart action heartbeat cardiac cycle of contracting and relaxing heart murmur when valve damage; blood leaks through back into the chamber cardiac muscle cells short, branched, and contain only one nucleus per cell; lack fuel and oxygen storage systems; more mitochondria "power plants"; self-exciting cardiac conduction system system of special heart cells that regulates beating of the heart S-A node master control unit of the heart; within wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart; impulses carried to Purkinje fibers that send the impulses all over the heart cardiologist doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) detects tiny electrical currents in the heart by means of electrodes taped to the patient's chest, arms, and legs heart-lung machine stops and often opens the heart; pumps blood from the body, removes carbon dioxide, adds oxygen, and pumps it back to the body, allowing heart to be stopped by suitable drugs and operated upon angioplasty procedure which does not open the chest; one includes feeding a tube in coronary artery bypass when there are clogs in coronary arteries; bypasses blockage by taking a vessel out of the leg and cutting it and sewing it to correct places valve-replacement surgery removes faulty heart valve and replaces it with artificial made of stainless steel or plastic or pig heart valve heart transplant transplants heart cardiovascular ______________ system; compiled of heart and blood vessels arteries bring blood away from the heart veins bring blood to the heart capillaries tiny blood vessels that link arteries and veins and are the functional units of the circulatory system arterioles smaller branches of the arteries venules small vessels capillaries form as they merge; becomes a vein systemic __________ circulation; movement of blood through all parts of the body except the lungs aorta leaves heart from left ventricle; branches into smaller arteries which enter every organ of the body; forms aortic arch carotid ________ arteries; carry blood to head and brain subclavian __________ arteries; carry blood to arms iliac common _____ arteries; enter the legs and form femoral arteries femoral ________ arteries; supply legs with blood superior ___________ vena cava; returns blood to heart from top portion of body inferior _________ vena cava; returns blood to heart from lower portion of body jugular ___________ veins; drain head subclavian __________ veins; drain blood from arms femoral ___________ veins; drains blood from legs pulmonary ___________ circulation; movement of blood between the heart and lungs portal ________ circulation; movement of blood from the digestive organs to the liver hepatic __________ portal vein; carries blood to liver from digestive tract hepatic ________ vein; returns blood to inferior vena cava from liver renal ______ circulation; movement of blood from body organs through kidneys renal ______ artery; carries blood to kidneys renal _______ vein; returns blood from kidneys to inferior vena cava atherosclerosis disease causing most heart attacks; blockage of arteries plaque deposits of fatty material and calcium build up that forms __________, which makes lining of blood vessels build up hepatitis viral ___________; liver infection by skin contact, contaminated food, or blood transfusions cirrhosis buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue in the liver; caused by heavy alcohol abuse pressure blood __________; amount of force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels hypertension ____________, or high blood pressure; when resting blood pressure exceeds 130 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic pulse rhythmic change of pressure in arteries cardiovascular _____________ disease; leading cause of death among Americans