1.
.sulfuric acid: H2SO4
2.
A 150.0 mL sample of wetlands water requires 25.00 mL of a 0.0250 M H2SO4 solution for neutralization. Calculate the molarity of CaCO3 in the sample.Given the previous result, calculate the alkalinity of the sample in question 1.: ...
3.
Above which level can phosphate concentrations lead to eutrophication?: greater than .1 mg/L
4.
Animal waste and plant and animal decomposition produce nitrogen in which form?: ammonium ions
5.
Calculate heat (in cal) absorbtion: 20.0 (g) H2O x (1) x { 55.5 - 22.0 } = 670
heat absorbed (cal) = mass of water (g) x temp change
6.
Calculate the calories released per gram of fuel.: 670 /5.3 = 126.41 (126)
heat per gram of fuel = heat absorbed (cal) / weight of fuel burnt.
7.
Clearly define precision and accuracy: Accuracy is how closely the measured values lie to the true values. Precision is how closely the measured values lie to one another.
8.
common sources of phosphates?: Fertilizers, animal and human waste, decaying organic matter, industrial processes.
9.
covalent compound: a compound that forms between different nonmetallic elements
10.
covalent compounds ______________ into ions: ionize
11.
cupric nitrate: CuNO3
12.
cupric sulfate: CuSO₄
13.
define water solubility: mass of solute that dissolves in 100 g of water at a certain temperature.
14.
density is:: mass divided by volume
15.
Describe nitrification: ammonium ions are converted to nitrite ions and then to nitrate ions by bacteria
16.
Describe the process of eutrophication: High nitrate ion levels cause excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae. This reduces water clarity which induces accelerated plant death. Decomposing dead plants on bottom of water body release even more nitrogen into the water that can lower dissolved oxygen levels resulting in a dead stinky body of water that nothing can live in.
17.
electrolyte: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current
18.
endothermic: absorbs heat from the environment
19.
exothermic: releases heat into the environment
20.
Formula for how much heat is absorbed by a mass of water.: mass of water (g) x how much the temp went up (1 cal/g degrees C) .
21.
give an example of a estimated (measured) number: the length of a piece of string.
the width of a room
22.
give an example of a pure (or exact) number: dozen eggs
1 yard equals 3 feet
23.
High temperatures in the automobile engine cause nitrogen and oxygen gases from the air to combine to form nitrogen oxides. What two acids in acid rain result from the nitrogen oxides in automobile exhaust?: Nitrous acid (HNO2)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
24.
How are phosphates commonly reported?: Reported as total phosphate concentration.
25.
how do you calculate the amount of heat liberated by 1 gram of burning fuel?: divide the heat absorbed (cal) by the weight of the fuel burnt (g) will equal heat per gram of fuel (cal/g)
26.
How many calories of heat does it take to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius?: 1
27.
In what form do plants and trees generally absorb nitrogen?: nitrate ion
28.
ionic compound: A compound that consists of positive and negative ions, such as sodium chloride
29.
ionic compounds __________________into ions: dissociate
30.
man-made source of nitrates into the environment.: animal feedlots, agricultural run-off, treated municipal water being returned to streams, urban runoff
31.
nitric acid: HNO3
32.
nitrogen dioxide: NO2
33.
saturated: concentration of dissolved solute equals its solubility
34.
sodium hydroxide: NaHO
35.
Sodium nitrate: NaNO3
36.
the horizontal axis is the ____________?: abscissa (x)
37.
the vertical axis is the ___________?: ordinate (y)
38.
types of phosphates: 1)Orthophosphates are the inorganic forms of phosphate, such as PO4, HPO4,H2PO4.Found in fertilizers.
2) Organically bound phosphate- found in human or animal waste and decaying matter.
3)Condensed phosphates-added to water supplies and industrial processes to prevent scaling and corrosion. was commonly found in detergent.
39.
unsaturated: solute concentration is solution is less than its solubility
40.
What are typical nitrate levels in freshwater?: less than 1 mg/L
41.
What is meant by the "Q" value?: Q = gap / range
42.
What is meant by the Average or Mean value?: the sum of the measurements divided by the number of measurements.
43.
What is methemoglobinemia (blue-baby syndrome)?: Nitrate ions convert hemoglobin to a form that can no longer transport oxygen in the baby's blood. High nitrate levels (above 10 mg/L) in drinking water provided to babies can cause it.
44.
What is the percent error: { [x-y] / y} x 100
y=the accepted value
45.
What process converts the nitrogen-containing ion in part a) into the nitrogen-containing ion in part b)?: nitrification or nitrogen fixation
46.
What two criteria must be met for a compound or a solution to be an electrolyte?: 1) the compound or solution must contain ions not just neutral molecules
2) those ions must be free to move
47.
Which gas and resulting acid in this experiment would cause rainfall in unpolluted air to have a pH value less than 7 (sometimes as low as 5.6)?: Carbon dioxide making carbonic acid
48.
Write the dissociation or ionization reaction of the following compounds:Na2SO4
a. Ba(OH)2: ...
