| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Toponym | The name given to a portion of Earth's surface. |
| Site | physical character of a place |
| Situation | the location of a place relative to other places |
| mathematical location | any location on Earth can be described in terms of meridians and parallels |
| formal region | An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| functional region | An area organized around a node or focal point |
| Vernacular region | A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. |
| Density | The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. |
| Pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area |
| Relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another, The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
| Hierarchical diffusion | spread of a feature/trend from one key person/authority/power to other persons or places, The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
| contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
| Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| physiological density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
| agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
| CBR | Crude Birth Rate, the total number of live births in a year for 1,000 people alive in a society |
| CDR | Crude Death Rate, (Crude death rate) The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| NIR | Natural Increase Rate, the percentage growth of a population in a year computed as cbr - cdr |
| Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Fertility | the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area |
| Mortality | the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area |
| Malthus Theory | food production increases arithmetically, whereas human reproduction increases geometrically (doubling each generation); despite checks on population (e.g., plague, famine) there would continue to be starvation. |
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