Exam I
About this set
Created by:
distortedland on April 19, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Microbiology [DNA, genes, ]
^*key concepts,terms,
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 in a DNA structure certain bases attract and bond, which ones? | a- t, c-g |
| Is DNA one stranded or two? | two |
| what are alleles? | they are a variation of a gene |
| what is a gene? | units responsible for traits [>units of Inheritence] |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of a person ex. earlobes - homozygus, heterozygus, codom (recessive =attatched, dom. unattached) |
| phenotype | expression (+'s - indiv. portrait) ex. express unattached, express attached |
| nucleus | contains genetic material [chromozomes, etc] |
| Chromozomes | come in pairs & carry genetic material [scrunched up DNA+protein] |
| how many pairs of chromozomes in a somatic cell? | 23 pairs: first 22 are homologous[autosomes] the sencond sex chromozomes |
| meiosis | sex cell formation |
| sex cell formation | occurs in the testes and ovaries- these cells [haploid] have but one chromozome and don't until the sperm and egg come together |
| zygote | fetrilized egg |
| crossover | genetic material is exchanged between homologous cells = resulting in recombination a variation of the alleles on the XX or XY's |
| karyotype | photograph of a individuals chromozomes under microscope |
| MtDNA | mitochondrial DNA is seperate from the cell and the cells rnergy source performing 600 function/sec. |
| base pair rule | certain bases in a nucleotide attract and bond |
| nucleotide | 1 phosphate P,1 sugar D, and 1 of 4 bases [A,T,C,G] |
| DNA replication step1 | special enzymes break the bonds between the 2 strands /:. strands divide |
| DNA replication step 2 | the seperation permits the exposed bases to attract unnattached nucleotides[free floating within the cell nucleus] |
| DNA replication step 3 | the previous [parental] nucleotides serve as a template for the formation of the new strand [so the free floaters gotta match whatever phosphate,sugar,base combo was there first] |
| another name for DNA replication is? | mitosis! |
| Protein synthesis 1 | DNA unzips, mRNA transcribes the code then peels away and travels to the ribosome |
| Protein synthesis 2 | the ribosome translates the coded mRNA in triplets[ codons-groups of 3 bases that code for specific amino acids |
| Protein synthesis 3 | the TRNA carries the amino acids matching the mRNA codons that are being translated. |
| Protein synthesis 3 | The amino acids are linked together to form a strand. A protein. |
| RNA | single stranded, different sugar U, can travel outside nucleus1 phosphate, 1 sugar R, ! of 4 bases [U-A,C-G |
| protein | complex 3-D molecules- that can bond to other molecules- compsed of linear chains of amino acids |
| and how cool are amino acids? | these 20 the are the universal code for all LIFE on Earth -combined in different amounts a sequences to produes millions of proteins |
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