| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cytosol | semifluid substance where organelles are found |
| prokaryotic cell | cells without a membrane-enclosed nucleus |
| eukaryotic cell | cells with a membrane-enclosed nucleus |
| nucleoid region | region in a prokaryotic cell where genetic information is found |
| cytoplasm | entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| plasma membrane | boundary of the cell |
| nuclear envelope | surface that encloses the nucleus |
| nuclear lamina | netlike array of protein filaments that line the nuclear side of the nucleus and help mantain the shape of the nucleus |
| chromosomes | structures that carry genetic information |
| chromatid | complex of proteins and DNA that make up the material of chromosomes |
| nucleolus | mass of densely stained granules located at the center of the nucleus |
| ribosomes | particles made of rRna and protein that carry out protein synthesis |
| endomembrane system | system of the cell that carries out many various tasks including the synthesis of proteins, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of lipids |
| vesicles | membrane segments that transports molecules throughout the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within the cytoplasm that accounts for more than half of the total membrane |
| Smooth ER | region of endoplasmic reticulum not bounded by ribosomes |
| Rough ER | region of endoplasmic reticulum bounded by ribosomes |
| Glycoproteins | proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them |
| transport vesicles | vesicles in transit from one part to another part of the cell |
| Golgi apparatus | region of cell where products of the ER are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations (manufactuing center) |
| lysosome | membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that animals use to digest macromolecules |
| phagocytosis | process by where a lysosome digests a large food macromolecule |
| food vacuoles | vacuoles formed by phagocytosis |
| contractile vacuoles | vacuoles that pump out excess water |
| central vacuole | large vacuole in a plant cell that sometimes constitues more than half the entire space of the cell |
| tonoplast | membrane that encloses the central vacuole |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration |
| chloroplast | sites of photosynthesis (exlusively in plants) |
| peroxisome | oxidative organelle that imports proteins primarily from the cytosol |
| cristae | convoluted infoldings of the mitochondria |
| mitochondrial matrix | compartment enclosed by the cristae and inner membrane |
| thylakoids | flattened, interconnected sacs of the chloroplast |
| granum | stack of thylakoids |
| stroma | fluid in the chloroplast |
| cytoskeleton | network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
| motor proteins | proteins required for cell movement |
| microtubules | thick, hollow fibers of cytoskeleton |
| microfilaments | thin, intertwined strands of actin (fibers of cytoskeleton) |
| intermediate filaments | fibrous, medium-widthed proteins (fibers of cytoskeleton) |
| centrosome | region of the cytoskeleton where microtubules grow out from |
Combine with other sets
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