| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Siddartha gautama | founder of Buddhism, aka: Buddha |
| Four noble truths | name of Buddhas teachings |
| Noble eightfold path | rules to follow in Buddhism to stop wrong desire |
| Nirvana | peaceful feeling of joy |
| Buddha | the awakened one |
| Messia | savior, incarnation of god |
| Judas iscariot | disciple of Jesus who betrayed Jesus |
| Gospels | part of the bible containing stories of jesus, mattew, mark, luke, and john |
| Bible | sacred book of christianity |
| Sanatan Dharma | universal religion |
| Rig-Veda | oldest hindu scripture |
| Brahman | universal spirit behind everything |
| Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva | three parts of the trimutri |
| Shiva | destroys one cycle of life so that a new cycle can begin |
| Vishnu | keeps order in the universe |
| koran | holy book of islam |
| Medina | center of islamic civilization |
| night journey | event when muhammad ascended to heaven |
| Muslim | follower of muhhamad, someone who surrenders to god |
| Allah | the one god |
| Sultan | overlord, the title of ottoman rulers |
| Arkan-ul-Islam | five pillars of islam |
| Ramadan | month in which muslims fast |
| Haj | pilgrimage to mecca |
| Muhammad | founder of islam, messenger of allah |
| Mecca | muhammads birthplace |
| Ka'bah | represents monotheism |
| Mosque | building in which muslims worship |
| Abraham | founder of judaism |
| Torah | the law of the jewish faith, the first five books of the hebrew bible |
| Ten Commandments | laws to live by that were given to moses |
| Siddur | jewish prayer book |
| Synagogue | place of assembly for jews |
| Monotheism | the belief in one god |
| Ghazi | warrior of islam |
| Ottoman | follower of osman |
| Timur the lame | conquer from samarkand who burned baghdad by crushing ottoman forces at the battle of ankara in 1402, halting expansion of ottoman empire |
| Mehmed | aka: mehmed the conqueror who conquered constantinopole in 1453 and opended it to citizens of many religions and backrounds |
| Constantinople | capital of the ottoman empire, now nown as istanbul |
| Suleyman the lawgiver | aka: suleyman the magnificent, great military leader, created code of law, simplified system of taxation, reducing governments beureacracy. |
| Devshirme | ottoman policy fo taking boys from christian families to be trained as muslim soldiers |
| Janissary | member of an elite fighting force compromised of christian slaves in the ottoman empire |
| Infidel | one who does not believe in a certain religion, and those who do not believe in islam |
| Osman | most succesful warrior and founder of ottomans |
| Byzantine Empire | conquer by the ottomans, primarily greek orthodox |
| Jizya | capital tax on no-muslim males to freely worship |
| Safavid empire | shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled persia between 16th and 18th centuries |
| Shah | hereditary monarch of iran |
| Isma'il | founder of shi'a islam, known as religious tyrant who killed any citizen who didnt convert to christianity |
| Shah Abbas | helped create safavid culture |
| Esfahan | safavid capital where there was a showplace for artisans |
| Mughal | nomads who lived in the subcontinent and established a powerful empire |
| Babur | brilliant general who laid the foundation for the mughal empire |
| Akbar | greatest one, grandson of babur |
| Sikh | nonviolent religous group whose beliefs blended elements of buddhism, hinduism, and sufism |
| Shah Jahan | created and built taj mahal as a shrine to his wife |
| Taj Mahal | shrine built by shah jahan, which is located in agra and made out of marble and precious stones |
| Aurangzeb | dispotic ruler whose strict laws led to divisions and the decentralization of government in the mughal empire |
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