Prentice Hall Chapter 18 Vocab
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godsgirl826 on April 19, 2012
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All of Chapter 18 (Reaction Rates and Equilibrium) Vocabulary
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Rate | A measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time. |
| Collision Theory | Atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with one another. |
| Activation Energy | The minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react. |
| Activated Complex | An unstable arrangement of atoms that forms momentarily at the peak of the activation-energy barrier. |
| Transition State | Synonym for Activated Complex |
| Inhibitor | A substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst. |
| Reversible Reaction | One in whih the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously. |
| Chemical Equilibrium | When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the reaction has reached a state of balance. |
| Equilibrium Position | Indicates whether the reactants or products are favored in a reversible reaction. |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | If a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the sytem changes in a way that relieves the stress. |
| Equilibrium Constant | The ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium. |
| Solubility Product Constant | Equals the product of the concentrations of the ions each raised to a power equalo to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociation equation. |
| Common Ion | An ion that is found in both salts in a solution. |
| Common Ion Effect | The lowering of the solubility of an ionic compound as a result of the addition of a common ion. |
| Free Energy | Energy that is available to do work. |
| Spontaneous Reaction | Occurs naturally and favors the formation of proudcts at the specified conditions. |
| Nonspontaneous Reaction | A reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions. |
| Entropy | A measure of the disorder of a system. |
| Law of Disorder | States that the natural tendency is for systems to move in the direction of maximum disorer or randomness. |
| Gibbs Free-Energy Change | The maximum amount of energy that can be coupled to another process to do useful work. |
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