American Civics Ch10
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Plaintiff | an individual or a group of people who bring a complaint against another party. the party who answers a complaint and defends against it is called the defendant. |
| Prosecution | a government body that brings a criminal charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws. |
| Precedent | a guideline for how all similar cases should be decided in the future. |
| Original Jurisdiction | the authority to hear a case first. |
| Appeal | to ask a higher court to review the decision and determine if justice was done. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | the authority to hear an appeal. |
| Courts of Appeals | handle appeals from the federal district courts. |
| Circuit Courts | another name for courts of appeals. |
| Judicial Review | the power to overturn any law that the Court decides is in conflict with the Constitution. |
| Opinion | a written statement explaining the reasons for the decision. |
| Judicial Activism | an effort by judges to take an active role in policymaking by overturning laws relatively often. |
| Judicial Restraint | an effort by judges to avoid overturning laws and to leave policymaking up to the other two branches of government. |
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