| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The endocrine system acts through chemicals called... | Hormones |
| The target receptor site for for proteins is located.... | Outside of the cell membrane (therefore it needs to uses diffusion or osmosis to penetrate the cell |
| Two classifications of hormones | Proteins and steroids |
| The target receptor site for steroids is located.... | Inside the cell |
| Actions of the endocrine system | Acts through chemicals called hormones, the effect is generalized and of long term duration |
| Regulation of Hormones | 1) Regulated by negative feedback mechanism, 2) Some hormones are secreted in response to other hormones, 3) secretion is by direct nerve stimulation |
| The pituitary gland | Contains the anterior and posterior pituitary; secrete growth hormone (GH), Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Adrenotcoricotropic (ACTH), Lutenizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (All anterior lobe hormones), Oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (both posterior lobe hormones) |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; Promotes protein synthesis which results in growth (makes protein) |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; stimulates activity in the thyroid gland |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; a GONADOTROPIN that stimulates the development of ova in the ovaries and sperm in the testes. Also stimulates the production of estrogen in the female |
| Adrenocoricotropic Hormone (ACTH) | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; stimulates activity of the adrenal cortex, particularly the secretion of cortisol (stress hormone) |
| Lutenizing Hormone (LH) | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; another GONADOTROPIN that causes ovulation and secretion of progesterone and estrogen in females, and stimulates production of testosterone in males |
| Prolactin | Found in the anterior pituitary lobe; promotes the development of glandular tissue in the breast and stimulates the produciton of milk |
| Oxytocin | Found in the posterior pituitary lobe; causes uterine muscle contraction and ejection of milk from lactating breast (form of positive feedback) |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Found in the posterior pituitary lobe; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules |
| The Thyroid Gland | Secretes the hormones Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Calcitonin |
| Thyroxine (T4) | Found in the throid gland; affects metabolism of carbs, proteins, and lipids |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | Found in the thyroid gland; affects metabolism of carbs, proteins, and lipids |
| Calcitonin | Found in th thyroid gland; reduces calcium levels in the blood |
| Parathyroid Gland | Antagonistic to calcitonin, increases blood calcium levels (has opposite effect of calcitonin) |
| Adrenal Cortex | Located in the Adrenal Gland (aka Kidney cap or suprarenal); hormones secreted here are steroids and regulate by negative feedback involving the hypothalamus and ACTH from the anterior pituitary |
| Adrenal Medulla | Located in the Adrenal Gland (aka Kidney cap or suprarenal); Hormones secreted are epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine | Prepare the body for strenuous activity and stree; effect is similar to that of the sympathetic nervous system but last 10 times longer (feeling the stress past the initial reaction) |
| The Pancreas | Responsible for the secretion of glugagon, insulin, and gylcogen |
| Glucagon | Found in the pancreas; raises blood glucose levels |
| Insulin | Found in the pancreas; anatagonistic to glucagon by decreasing blood glucose levels |
| Gylcogen | Found in the pancreas; stores glucose (stored sugar for energy source) |
| Testes | Produce the male sex hormones, called androgens |
| Andorgens | Principal hormone is testosterone (responsible for secondary male sex characteristic); found in the testes |
| Primary sex characteristics | Those you are born with |
| Secondary sex characteristic | Develope with puberty |
| Ovaries | Estrogen- responsible for the development and maintainence of female secondary sex characteristics; Progesterone- maintains the uterine lining for pregnancy |
| The Pineal Gland | Responsible for the secretion of Melatonin which helps regulate the circadian rhythms (found in the brain) |
| Thymus Gland | Promotes the maturation of T-cell in the immune system (T-cells are the first line of defense in the immune system when a pathogen or antigen enters the blood |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace