| Term | Definition |
|---|
| nucleus | what is the control center of the cell and sotres the genetic information? |
| ribosomes | what are concerned with protein synthesisi? |
| lysosomes | what acts as intracellular housekeepers? |
| cilia | what are short, hair like projections? |
| oxygen, glucose and amio acids | what nutrients are needed to be able to cross through the cell membrane? |
| cells waste | what must also be able to cross the cell membrane to be eliminated by the body? |
| passive transport mechanisms | this assists in the movement of water and dissolved substances across the cell membrane and does not require input of energy (ATP)? |
| diffusion | what is the movement of a substance from an area of greater concerntration to an area of lesser concentration? |
| osmosis | this is a special case of diffusion using a semi-permeable membrane and involves the diffusion of water from an area with more water to an area of less water and is also how the water leaves the brain... |
| tonicity | concentrations of a solution are express as? |
| isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic | what are solutions? |
| filtration | ________ is movement of water and dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure |
| intravenously (IV) | how would you administer a hypertonic solution? |
| hypertonic | what is more solute than in interstitial or tissue fluid of the brain? |
| ATP | what requires an input of energy? |
| active transport pumps | what moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high conentration? |
| endocytosis | what moves substances into a cell? |
| phagocytosis | what is cellular eating? |
| cell division | what is necessary for bodily growth and repair? |
| digestive | cells of the ______tract replace every few days |
| brain and spinal cord | certain nerve cells in the ________ do not reproduce at all |
| mitosis | what produces two identical cells? |
| meiosis | what occurs only in sex cells? |
| mitosis & meiosis | what are two types of cell division? |
| drugs | some _____ are aimed at a specific phase of the cell cycle (chemotherapy) |
| cell differentiation | what accounts for the differences in cells? |
| poorly differentiated cells | what are cancer cells that fail to specialize? |
| stem cells | what has the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth? |
| when a stem cell divides | when does each new cell have the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function? |
| orderly | what are most cell growths? |
| a lump or a tumor | when cell growth is disorganized and uncontrolled, the outcome is a __________ |
| benign | non-cancerous |
| malignant | canerous |
| metastasis | when malignant tumor cells break off, they can cause ________ |
| necroses | when cells are injured severely or they die, what is that called? |
| lack of oxygen, trauma, decreased circulation, bacteria toxins | what can cause necroses |
| atrophy | what is a decrease in size of cells leading to wasting away of tissues and organs? |
| dysplasia | what is the name for abnormal cell growth( size, shape, organization)? |
| hyperplasia | what is the name of an overgrowth of cells, increasing the size of tissues and organs? |
| neoplasm | what is abnormal new growth, which is also called a tumor? |
| metabolism | anabolism and catabolism |
| anabolism | reactions that build larger, more complex substances from simplier substances (building a wall) |
| catabolism | reactions that break down larger, more complex substances into simpler substances (breaking down a wall) |
| carbohydrates | whis is an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? |
| glucose | what is the most important source of energy? |
| anaerobic catabolism | the absence of oxygen (one condition of glucose) |
| aerobic catabolism | the presence of oxygen (one condition of glucose) |
| lipids | what are fats and oils? |
| cholesteral | what are meats, egg yolk, dairy products, and oils? |
| liver | the body can also synthesize cholesteral in the _____ |
| protein | what is the most abundant organic matter in the body? |
| amino acids | what are the bulding blocks of proetin? |
| urea by the liver | some of the nitrogen released by the breakdown amino acids is converted to _____________ |
| ammonia | what is toxit to the brain cells and causes disorientation? |
| urea | what is eliminated in the urine? |
| elevated BUN | what can poor kidney function result in? |
| protein-synthesizing code | what is stored within DNA? |
| genetic code | since the DNA is arranged in hereditary units called genes, the code is called the _____________ |
| cyanide poisoning | what works by inactivating some of the enzymes in the mitochondria? |
| enzyme deficency diseases | what is the lack of an enzyme or decective enzyme? |
| hormonal disorders | what are characterized by metabolic changes? |
| hypermetabolic state | what can develop in patients who have sustained severe burns, in pt withlife-threatening infections, and in cachexic pt? |
| lactic acidosis | oxygen that is severely decreased in the tissues of a pt in shock is called what? |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace